论文标题:唐五代社会救助研究
The Research of the Social Relief in Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasty Period
论文作者 盛会莲
论文导师 方建新；张涌泉,论文学位 博士,论文专业 中国古典文献学
论文单位 浙江大学,点击次数 47,论文页数 173页File Size11610k
2005-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_1009186107/ 唐五代;社会救助;弱势群体;特殊群体;社邑;宗族;姻亲
Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasty Period ; social relief ; disadvantaged groups;special groups;Sheyi; gens;affinity
本文主要对唐五代时期的社会救助进行了探讨,全文除前言外共分五章: 第一章对弱势人群的社会救助。分养老、慈幼、恤妇女、助残疾等方面,从政府和民间两个层面探讨了唐五代时期对弱势群体的救助和优恤,着重剖析了民间力量在救助弱势群体中所起的作用。 第二章对特殊人群的社会救助。按照官僚、学生、将士等救助对象,从俸禄、致仕、赋税、医疗、丧葬等方面探讨了政府对特殊人群的救助,及民间在特殊人群救助中所起的作用。 第三章医疗婚丧救助。在分类考察了唐五代时期对不同人群的救助后,着重探讨了唐五代时期政府和民间在疾病、婚嫁、丧葬这三个方面对百姓的救助状况。 第四章民间社邑组织与社会救助。利用敦煌文书中的大量社邑文书,并结合其他史料,探讨了唐五代时期社邑在丧葬、造舍、婚嫁、出行、患病及防范安全等问题上对社人的救助,并分析了社邑组织对民间救助的意义及历史局限性。 第五章宗族姻亲与社会救助。分别选取社会救助中的抚孤、助学、济贫、助婚丧、抗灾避难等社会问题,探讨了唐五代时期宗族、姻亲进行社会救助的具体状况,分析了宗族、姻亲在社会救助中所起的作用。 唐五代政府主要以律令形式,将社会救助措施予以法制化,有的也逐渐形成制度。在救助机构方面,首次在全国范围内设置了专门救助贫病人员的机构——病坊,这对宋以后类似社会救助机构的设置,有着重要的借鉴意义。在政府社会救助很有限的情况下,宗族在民间救助中发挥了较大作用。唐代宗族救助尚处在自发阶段,缺乏物质和制度保障。因此,庶民阶层往往与乡里异姓结成相互“济苦救贫”的组织——社邑,以补充国家和宗族救助的不足。
The dissertation mainly discusses the social relief in Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasty Period, which divides into five chapters besides preface altogether:Chapter I the social relief to the disadvantaged groups, which divides into the respects of supporting the olds, loving infants, rescuing women and helping the disabled persons etc. This part studies the relief and comfort to the disadvantaged groups at the aspects of government and non-government, and especially analyzes the non-government"s function playing in it.Chapter II the social relief to the special groups. Regards Government officials, students and soldiers as the research object, study the relief to the special groups from the government in the aspects of official"s salary, retired, levy, medical treatment and funeral, and non-government"s function playing in the relief to the special groups.Chapter III the social relief to the disease, marriage and funeral . After researching the relieves to different groups in Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasty Period according to different classifications, this chapter chooses the three major issues in all one"s life: disease, marriage, funeral to discuss the cases of relieves to common people by government and folk in this period.Chapter IV the Sheyi organizations and the social relief. Taking advantage of a large amount of documents on Sheyi in the Documents of Dunhuang and utilizing the official history materials simultaneously, this chapter discusses the relieves to the people in communities offered by Sheyi in the respects of funeral, building houses, marriage, travel, disease and security. Based on which, the analyses of the significance and historical limitation in the activities of folk relieves made by the Sheyi organizations were taken.Chapter V gens and affinity and the social relief. Choosing the social problems in the social relief such as raising the orphan, giving financial aids to students, relieving the poor, giving financial aids to funeral and marriage, combating natural disasters and aiding refugees, this chapter studies the detail problems between the gens and affinity and the social relief in Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasty Period, and also analyses the role that the gens and affinity play in the social relief.The governments of Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasty Period mainly legalize the social relief in the form of laws and decrees, some of which form the institution gradually. In the respect of the organization of the social relief, the governments set up the relief organizations nation-wide for the first time—Bingfang, where the poverty and sick persons were specially relieved and helped, which provide great reference significance for the following governments after Song Dynasty who set up the similar relief organizations. In the condition that the government"s function is very limited in relief of the society, the gens continue taking effect on the social relief in folk. The social relief in Tang Dynasty lacks the guarantee of the material and institution because it is still at spontaneous stage. The common people, therefore, often organized communities with persons who had different surnames in the home town. In this way they formed the organizations by means of relieving and helping the poor each other in order to supply the wants of the social relieves from the government and the gens.
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