论文标题:云南淡黄花百合遗传多样性与进化研究
Studies on Genetic Diversity and Evolution of Lilium sulphureum Baker Apud Hook.f.in Yunnan
论文作者 张绍斌
论文导师 许介眉,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 植物学
论文单位 四川大学,点击次数 75,论文页数 90页File Size7366k
2002-04-28论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_1010004747/ 淡黄花百合;云南;形态学;细胞学;分子生物学;遗传多样性;进化
Lilium sulphureum;Baker apud;Hook. f. Yunnan;Morphology;Cytology;Molecular biology;Genetic diversity;Evolution
淡黄花百合(Liliun sulphureum Baker apud Hook.f)隶属于百合科(Liliaceae)百合属(Lilium L.)。本文在形态分类的基础上，根据居群生物学的原理和方法，对淡黄花百合的形态学、细胞学、分子生物学进行了研究，从居群、个体、细胞和基因四个层次综合探讨了该种植物的种内分化与进化。 本研究首次对淡黄花百合种内形态分化进行研究。结果表明：居群内各种形态性状都具有丰富的多态性，居群间具有明显的多型性；花色呈梯度变异，特别是普洱居群花色变异式样最丰富；花被片的长与宽和雄蕊的长度是数量性状的连续变异。形态变异与基因突变、传粉机制、染色体变异等因素有密切关系。形态研究为细胞学和分子生物学研究提供基础，并为遗传育种提供重要素材。 首次对淡黄花百合居群间、居群内和无性系内核型进行研究。居群间核型研究表明：各居群的核型类型都属于Stebbins的3B型。染色体的组成可以分成两类：一类是由四种染色体(m，sm，st，t)组成，包括大湾居群，老鹰地居群，峨山居群，易门居群和玉屏山居群；另一类是由三种染色体(m，st，t)组成，包括保山居群，牟定居群，普洱居群，双柏居群和元阳居群。核型公式有六种：2n=2x=24=4m(4SAT)+2sm+14st(1SAT)+4t，2n=2x=24=4m(4SAT)+4sm(1SAT)+6st+10t，2n=2x=24=4m(4SAT)+dsm(1SAT)+12st+4t，2n=2x=24=4m(4SAT)+8st(1SAT)+12t，2n=2x=24=4m(4SAT)+4st(1SAT)+16t，2n=2x=24=4m(4SAT)+12st(1SAT)+8t。随体染色休具有多态性，染色体的结构变异普遍存在于各居群中，研究还发现了染色体的数目变异和B染色体。这些结构变异也存在于居群内。环境的异质性促进了淡黄花百合染色体结构变异的发生，兼性无融合生殖使其染色体所发生的结构变异得以保存。无性系内核型研究表明：各无性系的核型类型都 属于St吮七 us的m型、核型公式不完全川同、随体染色体具多忐性，染色体 存在结构变异，研究认为造成无性系内核型变异的重要原因是染色体突变。 采用 ISSR分子标记技术首次研究了淡黄花百合的遗传多样性。8条引物共 扩增出 154条带，居群多忐性比率（PBB）为 90．26％，个体多态性比率（！个I3） 为98．70％，同～引物在不同居群中的0旧【5值不同，不同引物在同一居群中的厂ms 值不同；多种分析软件聚类分析结果都将淡黄花百合分成两个类群：类群1包 括牟定居群和普洱居群，类群11包括大山居群、易！二居群、双柏居群、玉屏山 居群、大湾居群和老鹰地居群；对各居群间的亲缘关系进行了讨论。 综合上还研究认为，淡黄花百合存在明显的种内分化，不同的选择压力和 兼性无融合生殖与该种植物的遗传多样性、适应和进化有密切关系。本研究对 百合属植物的进化研究具有重要的理论意义，对汀发利用淡黄花百合花卉具有 重要的现实意义。
Lilium sulphureum Baker apud Hook. f. belonged to Lilium L. in Liliaceae. On the base of classification of morphology, we studied morphology, cytology and molecular biology of Lilium sulphureum Baker apud Hook. f. in Yunnan By principles of population biology. We synthetically discussed intraspecific differentiation and evolution, from four biotic levels of population, individual, cell and gene.Intraspecific differentiations in morphology were investigated firstly. The results indicated that there are varied polymorphsim within populations, and obvious polytypism among populations. Varieties of flowering colors present cline. Specially, variations of flowering colors within Puer population are many and varied. Longs and widths of perianths as well as longs of stamens are continuous variation of quantitative characters. Variations of morphology are connected to gene mutation, chromosomal vary and pollination pattern. Studies on morphology are foundations of studies on cytology and molecular biology, and provide sources for heredity breeding.Karyotypes of Lilium sulphureum Baker apud Hook. f. among populations, within populations as well as within clones were studied firstly. Studies on karyotypes among populations indicated that all the karyotypes belonged to Stebbins"3B type. Forms of chromosomes were divided into two groups. One group consists of four types of chromosomes (m, sm, st, t), which includes Dawan population, Laoyingdi population, Eshan population, Yimen population and Yupingshan population. The other group consists of three types of chromosomes(m, 3st. t), which includes Baoshan population, Mouding population, Puer population, Shuangbai population and Yuanyang population. Karyotype formulas are as follows: 2n=2x-24=4m(4SAT)+2sm+14st( 1 SAT)+4t, 2n-2x=24=4m(4SAT)+4sm( 1SAT)+6st +1 Ot, 2n=2x=24=4m(4SAT)+4sm( 1 SAT)+12st+4t, 2n=2x=24=4m(4SAT)+8st( 1 SAT) +12t, 2n=2x=24=4m(4SAT)+4st(lSAT)+16t, 2n=2x=24=4m(4SAT)+12st(lSAT)+ 8t. There are polymorphsim of satellite chromosome, chromosomal structure variations and B-chromosome among and within populations. Environmental heterogeneity promote happen of structural variations. Facultative apomixes preserve the variations. Studies on karyotypes wihin clones indicated that all the karyotypes belonged to Stebbins"3B type. There are different karyotype formulas, polymorphsim of satellite chromosome, variations of chromosomal structure and B-chromosome in clones. Chromosomal mutation is important factor of chromosomal structure variations within clones.Genetic diversities were investigated by ISSR-PCR firstly. 8 primers generated 154 bands, of which 139(90.26%) populationally and 152 (98.70%) individually were polymorphic respectively. Each of primers has different PBB among populations. Different primers have different PBB in each of populations. Lilium sulphureum Baker apud Hook. f. are divided into two groups by analysis of softwares. One group includes Mouding population and Puer population. The other group includes Dawan population. Laoyingdi population, Baoshan population, Yimen population, Yupingshan population and Shuangbai population. In addition, hierarchical relationships of populations were studied.Put together, there are obvious intraspecific differentiations in Lilium sulphureum Baker apud Hook. f. in Yunnan. The genetic diversities, adaptation and evolution were connected to different pressure of selection and facultative apomixes. The study has important meaning of theory for evolutional study on plants in Lilium, and meaning of reality for development and utilization of the lily flower.
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