论文标题:资源型城市可持续发展问题研究
Research on Sustainable Development of Resources-Type City
论文作者 闫亦贵
论文导师 齐平茹,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 国民经济学
论文单位 吉林大学,点击次数 41,论文页数 64页File Size2142k
2004-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_1011020467/ 可行性研究; 市场; 生产技术; 经济合理性; 结论
feasibility analysis, market, technology, ecnomic analysis,conclusion
我国资源型城市占有相当大的比重，随着多年开采，这些资源型城市出现了资源枯竭、经济衰退、社会矛盾突出等问题。在我国全面建设小康社会的进程中，解决资源型城市可持续发展问题已是当务之急。 第一部分，资源型城市可持续发展的理论基础 文章提出了资源型城市的概念、内涵与分类。资源型城市是伴随着自然资源的开发而兴起和发展壮大，资源产业成为本区域国民经济的主导产业，大多数劳动力人口直接或间接从事同种资源的开发、生产、经营和服务等活动的城市。其内涵有三层含义：1、依托自然资源的开发而兴起。2、城市的主导产业部门是自然资源的采掘、生产和初级加工。3、资源产业的经济贡献率占国民经济的份额较大，从业人员占全部从业人员的比重较高。分析了资源型城市在国民经济中的地位和作用：1、资源型城市为国家经济建设提供能源、原材料，形成了一大批能源、原材料生产基地；2、形成了比较完整的国民经济体系，加快了我国工业化进程；3、提高了可观的利税，创造了大批就业机会，造就了一大批工人队伍和技术人才队伍。阐释了资源型城市可持续发展的概念和内涵。资源型城市可持续发展，是指在以自然资源的开发、生产和加工为主的城市经济发展过程中，注重采取积极、有效的措施，及时解决因“矿竭城衰”可能带来的经济衰退，实现经济、社会、环境和资源的协调、全面发展。其内涵包括三个方面:经济的可持续发展、社会的可持续发展和资源的有效开发利用。论述了资源型城市可持续发展的必要性:资源型城市实现可持续发展是全面建设小康社会的要求;是经济结构战略性调整的重要组成部分;是加快健全和完善社会主义市场经济体制的重要步骤;是维护社会稳定的迫切需要。 第二部分，资源型城市经济发展规律及衰退因素分析 研究资源型城市的经济发展规律首先要研究资源产业的性质和特点及其发展规律。资源产业具有以下性质:l、资源产品生产的时限性。2、生产成本呈不断上升趋势。3、资源产业有走向衰退的趋势。资源产业的性质决定了资源产业发展必然经历一个从资源的勘探开发、扩大生产、高产稳产、衰退直至枯竭的过程。资源型城市主要具有城市形成的突发性、经济结构的单一性、工业化水平的虚假性、城市化水平的滞后性和管理体制的约束性等显著特征。资源型城市的发展一般经历兴起、成长、繁荣和衰退四个阶段，各阶段具有各自的特点。 我国资源型城市目前存在许多困难和问题。主要表现在资源面临不同程度的枯竭、经济结构矛盾突出、就业和再就业压力大、城市基础设施建设落后、生态环境破坏严重。产生这些问题的原因主要是地理区位优势比较差、产业结构单一、价格扭曲导致资源型城市的利润流失、资源产业的地位逐步降低。从主观上分析，有对资源型城市发展的客观规律认识不足、条理分割管理体制的束缚、国家生产力布局的影响等原因。 第三部分，资源型城市实现可持续发展的基本思路 一般资源型城市实现可持续发展的思路:1、充分发挥市场配置资源的基础性作用。2、加快推进经济结构战略性调整。3、切实加快经济增长方式的转变。4、牢固树立新的科学发展观。当前，资源枯竭型城市的问题更多、困难更大，实现资源枯竭型城市可持续发展，除坚持上述发展思路外，更需国家的政策扶持和城市的自身更生，二次创业。 第四部分，国内外资源型城市实现可持续发展的经验 资源型城市可持续发展问题是历史性难题，国外发达国家历经了几十年的时间，积累宝贵经验。日本九州、美国休斯顿、法国洛林地区等。国外资源型城市可持续发展的基本经验:1、注重发展新兴产业和替代产业。2、注重体制机制创新。3、注重资金和技术的投入。4、注重发挥规划政策的指导作用。国内部分资源型城市为实现可持续发展进行着艰苦的实践和探索，如黑龙江的双鸭山市、鸡西市、鹤岗市，辽宁的阜新市等。这些城市的实践给我们如下经验和启示:1、实行多元化发展战略，是资源型城市实现可持续发展的关键之举。2、用高新技术改造传统产业，是资源型城市实现可持续发展的重要措施。3、优化经济发展环境，加强对外交流与合作，是资源型城市可持续发展的必要条件。4、加强生态环境建设，是资源型城市可持续发展的重要任务。 第五部分，资源型城市实现可持续发展的基本途径与对策 资源型城市实现可持续发展的途径是多方面的，文章归纳了五条基本途径:1、调整和优化产业结构。坚持建立各具特色的经济结构;与全国、大区域经济结构相协调;发挥企业市场主体的作用;以增量带动存量，以增量为主的四项原则。2、改革和完善所有制结构。重点是加快调整国有经济布局和结构调整，探索公有制的多种有效实现形式，大力发展非公有经济，增强激活经济发展活力。3、积极培育新的经济增长点。4、提高经济发展的外向度。5、加快再城市化进程。 第六部分，政府在资源型城市实现可持续发展中的作用 实现资源型城市的可持续发展，各级政府应发挥积极作用。实行资金援助政策;建立和健全社会保障体系;调整政策，?
Resources-type cities in our country cover considerable proportion and with exploitation of many years, some problems arise in these cities such as exhausted resources, economic recession and outstanding social contradiction. So it"s priority of resolving sustainable development in resources-type cities during establishing well-off society in our country.Part one: Theory Basis of Sustainable Development of Resources-type CityThe thesis puts forward the concept, connotation and classification of resources-type city and its concept is that, with development of natural resources, resources industry has becoming oriented industry of national economy in the region and most labor forces are involved directly or indirectly in exploitation, production, management and service. Its connotation has three meanings, 1. The city is developed by exploiting natural resources; 2. Oriented industry of the city relies on excavation, production and primary processing for natural resources; 3. Economic contribution rate of resources industry covers large proportion in national economy with high proportion employment. The author also analyzes standing and action of resources-type city in national economy with three points. 1.Resources-type city provides energy and raw material for national economic construction that forms a batch of production bases of energy and production; 2. Resources-type city forms complete national economic system and speeds up the progress of industrialization; 3. It has provided plenty of profit and tax, created many employment opportunities and trained a lot of professional talents. The author explains concept and connotation of sustainable development of resources-type city. Concept is that, during exploitation, production and proceeding for natural resources, resources-type city takes active and effective measures to solve problem of economic recession because of exhausted resources that realizes coordinated and all round development of society, environment and resources. Its connotation involves three aspects including economic sustainable development, social sustainable development and effective exploitation and utilization for resources. The author discusses necessity of sustainable development in resources-type city that is the requirement of establishing all round well-off society, important composition part of strategic adjustment for economic structure, important step of speeding up completion socialistic market economy system and urgent need of guaranteeing social stability.Part II. Analysis of economic developing law and recessionfactors in resources-type cityResources industry is priority for studying economic developing law in resources-type city which has following features, 1. Time limit forresources products. 2. Production cost shows trend of going up continuously. 3. Resources industry has the trend of recession. Nature of resources industry decides that development of resources industry is process of exploiting, enlarging production, high and stable production, recession and dried-up. Resources-type city has features of rapid establishment of urban area, single economic structure, false industrialization level, backward urbanization level and restricted managing system which experiences four stages including starting, growing, prosperity and recession with its own character respectively.At present, there are many problems in resources-type city of our country such as exhausted resources, concentrated contradiction of economic structure, employment and reemployment pressure, backward urban infrastructure, serious damaged ecological environment. The reason arising from the problem is bad geographical location advantage, single industry structure, unreasonable price that results in loss of profit of resources-type city and lower position of resources industry. From analysis of subjective aspect, there are some reasons such as less knowledge for objectivelaw of resources-type city development, restriction for separated management system and influence of national production fo
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