论文标题:番茄、茄子的根茬浸提液和腐解液对茄果类作物生长及其病害发生的影响
Effects of Extract and Decomposed Liquids from Tomato and Eggplant Stubs on the Growth and Disease of the Solanceous Vegetable Crops
论文作者 苏彩霞
论文导师 梁继农,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 蔬菜学
论文单位 扬州大学,点击次数 917,论文页数 47页File Size1623k
2004-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_1013892/ 浸提液;腐解液;根系活力;叶片电导率;胞外酶
extract; decomposed liquids; root activity; leaves electric conductivity; extracellular anzyme
本论文对番茄、茄子的根茬浸提液、腐解液对番茄、茄子、辣椒三种茄果类作物生长及辣椒枯萎病菌、茄子黄萎病菌、辣椒疫病病菌、番茄灰霉病菌四种病菌的生长、病害发生的影响进行了初探，取得如下结果： 随着番茄、茄子根茬浸提液、腐解液浓度的增加，三种作物种子的胚根伸长逐渐减少，发芽率逐渐降低，在一定浓度范围内，低于对照，表现为受抑制作用，并与对照有显著差异，且浓度越高，差异越大；根茬浸提液、腐解液在一定浓度范围内对种子的萌发也有促进作用，但与对照无显著差异。三种作物中，以茄子根茬对茄子种子萌发的影响稍大，当浓度为1：10时，茄子种子的发芽率均为0，抑制率达到100％。根茬浸提液、腐解液对三种作物幼苗的生长既有促进作用又有抑制作用。这表现在幼苗的鲜重随根茬浸提液、腐解液浓度的增加而减少，在一定浓度下生长受到抑制(一般是高浓度)，在一定浓度下生长又受到促进(一般是低浓度)；当根茬浸提液浓度小于1：50、腐解液浓度小于1：100时、幼苗的根重、根系活力超过对照，表现为生长受促进作用，反之，在其它浓度范围内生长则受到抑制；且叶片电导率也受到根茬浸提液、腐解液的影响，说明其产物中含有挥发物，在一定浓度范围内降低了植物细胞的稳定性，使细胞膜结构受到了伤害。 四种病原菌也不同程度的受到番茄、茄子根茬浸提液、腐解液的影响。辣椒枯萎病、茄子黄萎病是典型的土传病害，其菌丝干重、菌丝生长速率、产孢量、病情指数随两作物根茬浸提液、腐解液浓度增加而增加，根茬浸提液在一定浓度范围内，促进了其病菌的生长和病害的发生，与对照相比达到显著差异；在一定程度上根茬浸提液对这两种病菌的生长也有轻微的抑制作用。在腐解液所测浓度范围内，病菌的生长和病害的发生均表现为受促进作用。辣椒疫病的发生与环境因素有很大关系，扬州人学硕卜学位论文番茄灰霉病是一种气传性病害，与辣椒枯萎病、茄子黄萎病相比，虽然根茬浸提液、腐解液对这两种病菌生长和病害发生的影响稍小一些，但其趋势仍是一致的，即菌丝的生长、产抱量都随浸提液、腐解液浓度的增加而增加。病菌的三种胞外酶中，以纤维素酶活性最强(番茄灰霉病菌除外)。根茬浸提液、腐解液对病菌胞外酶活性的影响与其对病菌和病害发生的影响一致。
The paper researched about the effect of extract and decomposed liquids from tomato and eggplant stubs on the growth(tomato, eggplants pepper) and disease (pepper fusarium wilt , eggplant verticillium wilt , pepper phytophthora blight , tomato gray mold)of the solanceous vegetable crops.the results showed:The seed germination in three kinds of crops decreased with the concentration increased, to a certain degree, extract and decomposed liquids inhibited seed embryonic root length and germinating capacity .furthermore,some differences reached significanct levels when compared with control, the concentration higher.the differences higher.the extract and decomposed liquids also promoted seed germination,but no significant difference appeared when compared with control.Of these crops, effect of eggplant stubs on eggplant seed was the most obviously,especialy when concentration was 1:10,the germination capcity was O.the per inhibition reached 100%.Extract and decomposed liquids from stubs promoted/inhibited the seedlings" growth. The seedling weight increased to one certain degree (general the concentration was low) and decreased to another certain degree (general the concentration was high). As extract concentration is lower than 1:50. decomposed liquids concentration is lower than 1:100, the root weight and root activities were higher than that of control, the growth of crops were promoted. In another way, the growth of crops were inhibited. This may be one or some allelochemicals which were produced in extract and decomposed liquids caused, there must be volatile matters in extract and decomposed liquids because the leaves electric conductivity is alsoaffected,the stability of plant cell is lowered,the structure of biomembranes is damaged.Four kinds of pathogene are also affected by extract and decomposed liquids from tomato and eggplant stubs to different degree. Both pepper fusarium wilt and eggplant verticillium wilt are tipically soil -borne disease,the dry weight of mycelium , the speed of mycelia growth, the number of spore-bearing and disease index increased as the concentration of extract and decomposed liquids increased, to some degree,extract obviously promoted the growth of hyphae and disease. In other way ,inhibition also appeared.In decomposed liquids concentration contain that was tested ,this two kinds of pathogene and disease were promoted. As the pepper phytophthora blight happened heavily depending on the enviroment factors, the gray mold of tomato is an air-borne disease, the degree affected by extract and decomposed liquids was smaller than that of pepper fusarium wilt and eggplant verticillium wilt. As above .extract and decoposed liquids promoted extracellular anzyme activities.this is consistent with the studies about the effect of extract and decomposed liquids on the pathogene and disease.lt is because that allelochemicals from extract and decomposed liquids promoted extracellular anzyme activities such as cellulase , hemicellulase, pectinase and so on,which result in the speed of pathogenes absorb and harness nutrient substance hastened,and mycelium grow more vigoriously,the number of spore-bearing increased quickly.disease happenedheavily.
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