论文标题:高校毕业生就业问题研究
Research the Problems to the Graduate Employment
论文作者
论文导师 王燕晓,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 高等教育学
论文单位 中国地质大学（北京）,点击次数 129,论文页数 58页File Size1112K
2008-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_1016699782/
university graduates;;employment;;measure
进入新世纪以来,我国高等教育改革取得了重大成就,高等教育成为世人关注的焦点:一方面是高校扩大招生规模,使更多的人有机会接受高等教育;另一方面是高校毕业生就业情况不容乐观,高校毕业生就业问题成为倍受国家和社会关注的问题。 本文通过对扩招后高校毕业生就业问题的研究,阐述了高校扩招并没有增加社会就业的总量,只是较快地转变了一部分人的身份和就业模式,使他们在短时间内(扩招期)加入到高校就业群体。扩招使就业问题显性化、集中化,它只是就业难的导火索,并不是高校毕业生生就业难的根本原因。文章分析指出了我国高校毕业生就业难的三个方面的原因:一是社会方面的原因;二是我国高等教育方面的原因;三是大学生主观方面的原因。 通过借鉴美国高等教育的办学与就业理念及就业指导模式,提出解决我国高校毕业生就业问题的对策:首先,要我国继续深化经济体制改革,调整产业结构,大力发展第三产业以吸纳更多的社会劳动力。其次深化高等教育改革,优化高等教育结构,使我国的高等教育层次结构和专业设置更趋合理化:研究性大学应是少数,继续秉承精英教育模式,为培养研究型人才服务;教学型大学适度规模,准确定位,实施通才教育,培养高素质专门人才;高等职业教育在整个高等教育中的比重和地位应加强,大力培养高技能应用型人才,以满足目前人才市场对高级技工的需求。因此,政府需要加大对高等职业教育的投入,并给予相应的政策扶持,同时要给予高校更大的办学自主权,使其能够根据市场需求不断完善培养目标、灵活调整专业设置,以市场需求来决定人才供给,真正做到以变制变。高校要树立合理的办学理念,各个层次的高校都要目标明确,办出特色。另外,高校应该加强对毕业生就业观念的教育与引导,加大就业指导工作的力度与实效性,千方百计地避免学生由于观念错位和信息不畅通导致的就业困难,切实为高校毕业生的就业做好服务工作。
China has got the great achievements in reform of higher education in new century; meanwhile higher education has become the subject which more and more people pay attention to. On the one hand, universities has enlarged the quantity of enrolling new students in order to give more people the opportunity to get higher education; on the other hand, the employment situation of college graduates is not optimistic. Therefore, the employment problems of college graduates have been given more and more attention by all fields of society. This paper has studied employment problems of college graduates under the enlargement of enrolling new students policy, and expounded that the enlargement of enrolling new students was not increase the total number of society employment, but just changed the identities and employment patterns of part of them quickly, by which they could go into employment groups of university rapidly. The enlargement of enrolling new students is not the real reason of employment problems of college graduates, but only a trigger which made those problems manifestation and centralization. This paper finger out the reasons of the situation from three aspects: social, higher education, and individuals subjective of students. Compared with education logos, employment philosophy and employment guidance models of American Universities, the first measure which could solve problems of college graduates employment is setting up the suitable philosophy of higher education. Then, it is needed to deepen reform of higher education in China, which made hierarchy and professional design of higher education of China become more effective. (Controlling research universities in small number, keeping on elite education model; moderating the scale of education university, putting it into correct position.) It is wise to raise proportion of higher vocational education and speed up efforts to train the high-level people in order to meet the needs of senior skilled workers presently. Therefore, the Government is not only need to increase the investment of higher vocational education, support it with appropriate policies, but also should give more autonomy of universities, which could help universities complete reliability of target students and change major setting flexible according to needs of personnel market. In addition, universities should strengthen the education and guidance of the employment concept of college graduates, improve the validity of guidance of employment, and do a good job for employment of college graduates.
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