论文标题:工作记忆内容对选择性注意的导向作用
The Guidance Effect of Working Memory Contents on Selective Attention
论文作者
论文导师 张智君,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 应用心理学
论文单位 浙江大学,点击次数 153,论文页数 37页File Size2636K
2007-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_1017616962/
working memory;; target template;; selective attention;; guidance effect
关于选择性注意的自上而下加工机制，早期研究认为是目标模板的作用。近期的一些研究发现，工作记忆内容对选择性注意也起自上而下的导向作用。然而，近期研究在考察工作记忆内容对选择性注意的导向作用时，经常忽视目标模板在其中的作用。 本研究把目标模板和工作记忆内容结合起来，使它们处于同等的地位，通过分离目标模板的效应，重新探讨工作记忆内容对选择性注意的导向作用，并探讨工作记忆内容和目标模板的导向作用的关系。 本研究共包括两项实验：实验一分别单独呈现工作记忆内容匹配项目和目标模板匹配项目，间接探讨二者对选择性注意的导向作用的关系；实验二同时呈现工作记忆内容匹配项目和目标模板匹配项目，形成工作记忆内容和目标模板直接竞争注意资源的情景，直接探讨二者对选择性注意的导向作用的关系。 本研究获得以下结果：(1)当把目标模板和工作记忆内容结合起来进行研究时，工作记忆内容对选择性注意的导向作用显著减弱；(2)双任务条件下，目标模板在选择性注意中仍起自上而下的导向作用；(3)当目标模板与工作记忆内容处于同等的地位时，目标模板在注意资源的竞争中占有优势，同时目标模板对选择性注意的导向作用显著大于工作记忆内容。 结果表明：工作记忆内容对选择性注意的自上而下导向作用，伴随着目标模板的效应，在分离目标模板的效应后，工作记忆内容的导向作用明显减弱。以往研究高估了工作记忆内容对选择性注意的导向作用。
Top-down mechanism of selective attention was traditionally regarded as the result of target template. But some recent studies demonstrated that working memory contents also guided selective attention in top-down manner. However, they ignored the guidance effect of target template on selective attention. In this study, target template and working memory contents were investigated equally. By separating the guidance effect of target template from working memory contents, the guidance effect of working memory contents on attention, and the relationship between the guidance effect of working memory and that of target template, were reconsidered. Two experiments were carried out. In Experiment One, items matching working memory contents and target template were presented respectively, in order to compare the guidance effect of target template with that of working memory contents indirectly. In Experiment Two, items matching working memory contents and target template were presented together, and they were made to compete for attentional resource in order to compare the guidance effect of target template with that of working memory contents directly. Some major results were obtained. Firstly, the top-down effect of working memory on selective attention was notably weakened when combining target template with working memory contents. Secondly, even in dual tasks paradigm, target template also had significant guidance effect on selective attention. Thirdly, when target template and working memory content were presented together, target template had competitive advantage over working memory contents, target template play a more important role in selective attention. It was concluded that the guidance effect of working memory contents in previous researches contained effect of target template. The role of working memory contents in selective attention was notably weakened when separating the guidance effect of target template from it, which means previous researchers overrated the guidance effect of working memory contents on selective attention.
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