论文标题:台湾政治文化的符号变迁研究
Study on the Symbol Transition of Taiwan Political Culture
论文作者
论文导师 林仁川,论文学位 博士,论文专业 中国近现代史
论文单位 厦门大学,点击次数 106,论文页数 320页File Size2312K
2007-08-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_101767252/
the Recovery of Taiwan;; Public opinion;; Taiwan public opinion issues;; Political culture;; Symbol
本文以政治文化的符号为切入点,通过考察光复以来台湾舆论议题的演变,揭示台湾政治文化的变迁,探讨台湾舆论议题与台湾政治文化的互动关系,提炼出舆论与政治文化互动框架的一般模式。 本文的研究对象是台湾的舆论议题与政治文化。舆论作为社会意识的表层流动,折射着台湾社会现象的深刻本质;政治文化作为政治体系的心理取向,蕴藏着台湾历史进程的文化代码。对台湾舆论与政治文化的历史考察,将有助于我们深刻认识台湾社会历史的表层现象与深层结构的互动模式。这对于台湾研究,特别是台湾历史研究具有重要的选题价值和学术意义。 通过学术史回顾可以发现,前人有关于本课题的研究,在学术背景上存在着历史舆论学的空白,历史学与舆论学相结合的理论建设乏善可陈;在研究领域上存在着缺乏将台湾舆论研究引入政治文化研究、缺乏对台湾舆论的总体研究、缺乏对台湾舆论的历史研究以及缺乏将政治文化研究引入台湾舆论研究等四个薄弱环节;在研究对象上存在着对台湾舆论议题的分类模糊混乱的盲点。由此,本文拟从学科背景的一大空白处着眼、从研究领域的四个薄弱环节处着力,从研究对象的一大盲点处着手,站在前人研究成果的高度上重新出发。 通过对台湾舆论议题的细化研究,可以将台湾舆论议题分为两类,一类议题生命期限非常短暂,另一类议题生命期限却非常长。生命期短的第一类议题绝大部分属于诉求型议题,而生命期长的第二类议题绝大部分属于认同性议题。第二类议题之所以生命周期长,是因为其议题绝大部分都指向了台湾的政治文化。六十年来,台湾舆论中不断出现,不断积累,不断变异并一直在影响台湾的舆论议题主要有三个,它们是省籍议题、台湾意识/中国意识议题和统独议题,它们分别对应台湾政治文化的最典型的政治情感――省籍情结,最核心的政治认知——台湾意识与中国意识,以及最重要的政治评价――统独倾向,因此这三大议题也成为台湾政治文化最有代表性的符号。 本文沿着这三大舆论议题的各自特点,分别考察其历史缘起、发展演变、当代特征以及对政治文化的影响,梳理出台湾政治文化的政治情感符号、政治认知符号和政治评价符号这三大代表性符号的流变及特征。政治文化正是由“政治认知”、“政治情感”和“政治评价”三大要素组成,对三大议题的分别研究,正好建构出六十年台湾政治文化历史变迁的总体图像。 在此基础上,本文将台湾舆论议题与政治文化结合在一起把研究引向深入:从台湾舆论议题的变化揭示台湾政治文化的转型,反过来,再从台湾政治文化的转型考察台湾政治文化对台湾舆论议题的影响,又从台湾舆论与台湾政治文化的互动框架中,以媒体政治为指征物,研究台湾舆论与台湾政治文化互动媒介的嬗变。 本文的研究成果表明,六十年来,台湾的舆论议题演变与政治文化变迁呈现阶段性特征,主要表现在:台湾的舆论议题其内容从禁忌到开放再到放纵,其结构从一元到多元再到二元对立,其主体从单极到多极再到两极分化,其代表性形式也从社论到政治广告再到电视谈话节目;与此同时,台湾的政治文化也从威权主义加民族主义的政治文化经由民主化、自由化、本土化的转型发展到民粹主义加族群主义的“群粹主义的政治文化”;而台湾舆论与政治文化的互动媒介也从“媒体政治化”向“政治媒体化”转变并朝着“媒体即政治”的方向发展。此外,台湾的舆论议题演变与政治文化变迁还具有要素性特点,主要表现在:台湾舆论议题与台湾政治文化的变迁既大致合拍却并不完全同步,总体来看,议题的转变先于政治文化的转型,而作为台湾政治文化三大符号的三大舆论议题,其演变过程虽然方向相同、阶段类似,但其起点、转折点及高潮期却不尽相同、各有错落,显示出台湾政治文化符号过程的复杂性。最后,本文通过对台湾舆论与台湾政治文化互动关系的个案研究,总结出舆论与政治文化互动关系的一般模式。
With the symbol of political culture as the starting point, the present paper aims to reveal the vicissitudes of the political culture of Taiwan, probe into the interactions between Taiwan public opinion issues and its political culture, and finally abstract the general model of interactive frame between public opinion and political culture through studies on the evolution of Taiwan public opinion issues since the Recovery of Taiwan. The object of study this paper will pose is Taiwan public opinion issues and its political culture. The public opinion, as the surface-flow of social consciousness, reflects the profound essence of Taiwan’s social phenomena. Political culture, as the psychological orientation of political system, contains the cultural code of Taiwan’s historical process. Studies on Taiwan public opinion and political culture, from a historical perspective, will help us understand profoundly the interactive model between the superficial phenomenon and the deep structure of the social history of Taiwan, and therefore be valuable academically to the study of Taiwan, and to the study of the history of Taiwan in particular. From a perspective of academic history, few of previous studies on this topic have ever touched the theoretical basis on the combination of history and public opinion sciences. Four weaknesses have been traced in the field of study, that is, in the study of Taiwan political culture from a perspective of public opinion study, in the overall study of Taiwan public opinion, in the historical study of Taiwan public opinion, and in the study of Taiwan public opinion from a perspective of Taiwan political cultural study. Furthermore, the classification of given topics concerning Taiwan public opinion is ambiguous and confounding. Therefore, this paper, based on the previous research results, aims to overcome these weaknesses, and presents new academic theory. The issues of Taiwan public opinion can be divided into two types: short-term issues and long-term ones. Most issues of the first type, which are shot-term, belong to issues of appeal while most issues of the second type to issues of identity. The reason why the second type remains long-term is that most of the issues of this type are related to the political culture of Taiwan. Over the recent sixty years, three main public opinion issues have emerged, accumulated, varied and have kept affecting Taiwan. They are the issue of provincialism, the issue of Taiwan consciousness or China consciousness and the issue of reunification or independence. The above three issues correspond respectively to the political culture of Taiwan: the most representative political emotion, namely the complex of provincialism; the most pivotal political cognition, namely the Taiwan consciousness or China consciousness, and the most significant political evaluation, namely the inclination to reunification or independence. Therefore, these three issues have become the most representative symbols of Taiwan political culture. In the light of the different characteristics of the three main public opinion issues, the paper studies respectively their historical roots, evolution process, current features and their impacts on political culture, elaborates the variations and characteristics of the three representative symbols of Taiwan political culture, namely, the symbol of political emotion, the symbol of political cognition, and the symbol of political evaluation. The paper proposes that Taiwan political culture is actually composed of political cognition, political emotion and political evaluation. Therefore, the respective studies on these three issues will outline the general pattern of the historical transition of Taiwan political culture over the past six decades. Moreover, this paper will deepen its research by combining the Taiwan public opinion issues and its political culture. The paper tries to reveal the transformation of Taiwan political culture through the changes of Taiwan public opinion issues, investigate the impact of Taiwan political culture on its public opinion issues, and finally with the media-politics as the indicator, study the transmutation of the interaction between Taiwan public opinion and its political culture. The results of this study indicate that over the past sixty years, the changes of Taiwan public opinion issues and its political culture have taken on unique characteristics in phases. The contents of Taiwan public opinion issues have experienced such changes as from being taboos to openness then to debauchery, while its structure from being one-dimensional to multi-dimensional and finally to dualistic, its subject from being uni-polar to multi-polar then to polarization, and its representative form from being editorial to political advertising then to TV talk shows. Meanwhile, the political culture of Taiwan has changed from authoritarian nationalism, democratization, liberalization, and localization to ethnicism and populism. Moreover, the interactive medium of Taiwan public opinion and its political culture has witnessed changes from media politicalization to politics medialization, and finally to media-politics. In addition, the evolution of Taiwan public opinion issues and its political culture also presents the features of key elements. Taiwan public opinion issues and its political culture change generally in tune but not entirely. The changes of Taiwan public opinion issues precede those of Taiwan political culture. Although the evolution of the three major Taiwan public opinion issues, or as the three major symbols of Taiwan political culture, is in the same direction and in similar phase, their starting points, turning points and highlights turn out to be different, indicating the complexity of the development process of Taiwan political culture. Finally through a case study of the interactions between Taiwan public opinion and its political culture, this paper summarizes the general pattern of their interactions.
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