论文标题:当代乡村社会中的“社会资本”研究
Studies on the "Social Capital" in the Contemporary Rural Society
论文作者 秦琴
论文导师 邓伟志,论文学位 博士,论文专业 社会学
论文单位 上海大学,点击次数 96,论文页数 233页File Size9957k
2005-06-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_106868592/ 社会转型;社会资本;关系;资源配置;行动者
Social transformation; Social capital; Relation; Resource distribution; Agency
乡村社会中的社会资本问题是学术界关注的一个热点问题,积累了大量的研究成果。但其间的缺憾也是显而易见的。一方面,对于这一舶来品,本土的研究者在分析的时候,很容易简单地将“社会资本”作为一种既定的东西——可以带来资源的资源,只关注于它工具性利用的价值,却疏于专门讨论促使其产生的各种原因,也很少去探寻它在特定的“生活世界”中产生及其运作的内在逻辑。另一方面,正是因为“社会资本”的工具性价值显著,所以,人们更容易看到的是它的“价值增值”的正面功效,而忽略了其运作所带来的负面影响。 本文试图针对这些问题,就当代乡村社会中的社会资本问题进行专门的探讨。简单地说,文章关注于三个方面的问题:第一,在当代乡村社会中,“社会资本”的运作何以发生?第二,“社会资本”如何运作?第三,“社会资本”的运作将会对乡村社会造成怎样的影响? 在某种程度上来说,社会资本研究中的疏漏也源于社会资本理论的不尽完善。基于此,本文首先对社会资本理论进行了重新建构。主要是借用布朗的系统论视角,从帕森斯和巴克利的社会系统观入手,吸收吉登斯的“建构主义的结构主义”的方法论原则,建构了“社会资本”的动态系统嵌入模型。模型在“行动、结构和环境”三个层面上定位了社会资本,并突出了社会资本问题的三个特性:“双重嵌入性”、“两维动态性”和“过程性”。更为重要的是,模型的建构为后续的分析提供了一个研究框架,使文章的论述从“环境”的动力、“行动”的运作及“结构”的力量三个方面展开。 在我国乡村社会中,“社会资本”得以运作的源头的力量在于“环境”
The problems of social capital in the rural society, a hot issue that the academia pays close attention to, have accumulated a large amount of research results. But the shortcoming of these researches is obvious. On one hand, the native researchers are apt to regard " social capital ", a definition taken from abroad, as a kind of set thing briefly while analyzing it -the resources that can bring forward resources. They only pay close attention to its value as tool, but seldom discuss the reasons that cause it and rarely seek to find the inherent logic by which the social capital produce and operate in the specific "live world ". On the other hand, it is just because the value of "social capital" as a tool is remarkable that people is inclined to notice its positive efficiency that brings forth through "value appreciation ", but neglect the negative influence that it"s operation produces.Focusing on these problems this article attempts to carry on the special discussion upon the social capital problem in the contemporary rural society. To be simple, the article pays close attention to the problem in three respects: First, why does the operation of "social capital"take place in the contemporary rural society? Second, how dose "social capital" work? Third, what kinds of influence will the operation of "social capital " cause tocapitalizing of the relation ". the course that certain relation change into the social capital via actors" investment or mobilization . It can be divided into several phases: The attraction of society -survey on the relation of exchanging -investment or mobilization --Production of the social capital.To be simple, "social capital " is production of the investment tactics. However, "making the investment or mobilizing " is not one-off operation, but a lasting course. The persons who take action insist on the principle of returning in this course. The lasting course, making the actors be in certain "structural consequence", has caused redistribution of resources and production of criterion. On one hand, resources have been redistributed in favors of agency, which makes agency who have certain member"s qualification promote the value of taking action by oneself. On the other hand, the production of criterion restricts the action of agency in the "structural consequence ", which makes them adhere the principles of reciprocating all the time and constantly invest or mobilize in order to maintain this kind of member"s qualification. We can say, the discussion upon this process have not merely described the instrumental efficiency of the structure produced in operation of " social capital ", the more important thing is that it points out the inherent logic by which "social capital "" forms, maintains and withers away in contemporary rural society.However, the course of "the capitalizing of the relation "which produce "the structural consequence" cannot be completed ed by everybody. It needs two primary conditions. (1) Existence of "relations of the emotion " or "relations of the obligation" for the investment or mobilizing (2) the ability of reciprocating. But, in the rural society, most people do not possess these conditions.rural society?To some extent, the careless omission in the study on social capital is due to the imperfectness of the theory of social capital. Because of this, the article has reconstructed the theory of the social capital at the beginning. It mainly uses Brown" visual angle of systematic theory, proceeds with the social systematic views of Parsons and Barclay, absorbs Giddens" methodology principle of "constructivist structuralism", and builds "the dynamic system and imbed models of the social capital". The Model has oriented the social capital in "action, structure and environment", and has stressed three characteristics of the problem of the social capital: "double imbedding", " two-dimensional dynamics " and " course ". The more important is that the Model has offered a research frame for the following analysis, making the argumentation of the article launch from three respect
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