论文标题:甲骨文中所见祭名研究
On the Sacrificial Names Found in the Oracle Bone Inscriptions
论文作者 李立新
论文导师 王宇信,论文学位 博士,论文专业 中国古代史
论文单位 中国社会科学院研究生院,点击次数 154,论文页数 255页File Size9008k
2003-06-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_107336657/ 元朝;俸禄制度;研究
Shang Dynasty,Oracle Bone Inscription,Sacrificial Name,Old School,New School
在构成句子的主、谓、宾三种成分中，可以没有主语，也可以没有宾语，但不可以没有谓语。在大部分卜辞中，祭名动词正是充当着对句子的理解起关键作用的谓语成分，祭名成为通读卜辞的一大拦路虎；祭祀乃国之大事，商代祭祀的种种信息在卜辞祭名中得以充分浓缩存留，可以说祭名又是打开尘封已久的商代政治文化、宗教礼制的一把金钥匙。本文正是对甲骨文中所见祭名进行系统、全面整理的一次尝试。 本文内容主要包括三部分，第一部分即第一章，试图对有关商代祭祀的概念、术语予以界定，而这些概念术语以前缺乏集中专门的讨论，在使用中也相当混乱；第二部分即第二章，利用自己对卜辞祭名的理解和判断标准，反复研读卜辞辞例，对以往学者所确定的卜辞祭名逐一予以甄别，确定祭名211种，并把这些祭名分为旧派祭名、新派祭名和旧、新两派共有的祭名三类；第三部分包括第三、四、五章，在充分占有和利用祭名卜辞辞例的基础上，分别对旧派祭名148种、新派祭名24种和旧、新两派共有祭名35种作了或详或略的讨论，对各个祭名的讨论主要集中在：祭名字义、数据统计、时代分布、祭祀对象、主祭者、祭品、相伴祭名、祭祀时间、地点以及祭祀目的等方面。 通过对卜辞祭名较为全面的研究，发现董作宾在《殷历谱》一书中所创立的新旧派学说的确是成立的。众多祭名的时代分布相当明显，有的多见于一、四期，有的则多见于二、五期，即便是五期共有的祭名，其各方面特征在一期与四期之间、二期与五期之间有更多的趋同性。第一期、第二期祖庚时期与第四期武乙、文丁时期属于旧派，第二期祖甲时期和第五期乙辛时期属于新派，第三期廪辛、康丁时期则游移于旧派、新派之间。对这些观点的论证分散在各个祭名的论述之中。
A sentence can stand with no subject or object, but not with no predicate. In most of the oracle inscriptions, it is the verbs of the sacrificial names that play the important role of the predicate of a sentence. Sacrificial names became the obstacles to interpret the oracle inscriptions. Sacrifice was an important national affair. Sacrificial names in the oracle inscriptions are the concentration and records of the information about the sacrifice in the Shang Dynasty. We may say that sacrificial names are also a golden key to the long dust-laden political culture and religious rituals of the Shang Dynasty. This dissertation is an attempt to make a systematic and comprehensive study of the sacrificial names found in the oracle inscriptions.This dissertation consists of three main parts. The first part is chapter 1, in which the author tries to define the concepts and terminology about the sacrifice of the Shang Dynasty. These concepts and terminology have not been specially discussed and used in confusion. The second part is chapter 2, in which the author, based on his own interpretation and judging standards, scrutinizes the examples of the oracle inscriptions repeatedly, discriminates one by one the oracle inscriptions determined by former scholars, determines 197 kinds of sacrificial names, and categorizes these sacrificial names as sacrificial names of the old school, sacrificial names of the new school and those shared by both schools. The third part consists of chapters 3, 4 and 5, in which the author discusses the 116 kinds of sacrificial names of the old school, the 34 kinds of sacrificial names of the new school and the 41 kinds of shared sacrificial names briefly or thoroughly based on his full occupation and use of the examples of the sacrificial names in oracle inscriptions. The discussion about each of the sacrificial names focuses mainly on the literal meanings of the sacrificial names, data statistics, distributions in different times, targets to whom to offer the sacrifice, people who hosted the sacrificial rituals, sacrifices, associated sacrificial names, places and times to offer sacrifice, and the purposes of offering sacrifice.After a comparatively thorough study of the sacrificial names in the oracle inscriptions, the author finds out that the theory of old and new schools created by Dong Zuobin in Almanac of the Yin Dynasty is tenable. Many sacrificial names are clearly distributed in different times; for example, some are common in the first and fourth periods, and some in the second and fifth periods. The characters of some sacrificial names are more homoplastic during the first and the fourth periods and during the second and fifth periods although they are shared by the five periods. The first period, the second period also known as Zugeng Period and the fourth period including Wuyi and Wending Periods belong to the old school. The second period, Zujia Period, and the fifth period, Yixin Period, belong to the new school. The third period including Linxin Period and Kangding Period wavers between the two. The arguments are scattered in the demonstration of each of the sacrificial names.
|
