论文标题:泰安市园林树种调查、评价与规划
Investigation, Evaluationg and Planning of Landscape Woody Plants of Taian City
论文作者 李鹏波
论文导师 赵兰勇,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 森林培育学
论文单位 山东农业大学,点击次数 879,论文页数 89页File Size2915k
2002-03-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_1078322/ 树种调查;树种规划;综合评价;城市个性;园林绿地;绿地系统
investigation of Landscape Woody Plants;Planning of Landscape Woody Plants;integrate evaluation;city character;green system
本论文主要是应用实地调查的方法，全面调查泰安市露地越冬的乔木、灌木、藤本及竹类(包括常绿针叶乔木、常绿阔叶乔木、落叶针叶乔木、落叶阔叶乔木、常绿针叶灌木、常绿阔叶灌木、常绿藤本、落叶藤本及竹类)等树种。通过调查了解到泰安市(泰山区和郊区)共有树种407种(泰城内有树种223种)，其中常绿树种77种，主要有：雪松、桧柏、油松、龙柏、侧柏、华山松、大叶黄杨、小叶黄杨等：落叶树330种，主要有：国槐、悬铃木、毛白杨、垂柳、加杨、泡桐、紫薇、樱花、紫叶李、月季、紫荆、木槿、丁香等；其中乔木树种226种，灌木树种154种，藤本植物20种，竹类7种。 在调查分类的基础上，综合分析同林树种的立地条件、环境条件后，依据调查测量所得到的大量数据，评价园林树种的生长状况，树种总量、各类型树种的搭配比例(常绿-落叶、阔叶-针叶、乔木-灌木、传统树种-引进树种)及树种与城市建设发展趋势的协调性等。根据各类园林树种及其生长状况调查，泰安市(泰山区和郊区)常绿树种与落叶树种的比例为1：4.29；市区常绿树种与落叶树种比例为1：4.89；根据树种应用情况来看，常绿树种资源利用率较低，另外从景观方面看常绿树种在蜮市绿地中是冬季景观的主要部分，因此应加大常绿树种的应用，以提高常绿树的利用率和城市绿地生态景观效果。 在城市园林绿地景观中，乔木是绿地的骨架，在城市绿地功能作用方面起重要作用；灌木在城市景观表现方面，其花、叶、形在城市园林绿地的“三季有花，四季常青”及基础栽植中具有不可替代的作用，是城市园林绿地的重要组成部分，尤其是现代城市环境建设提倡开敞的空间和丰富的绿地景观，因此可作基础种植的花灌木更应加大利用。泰安市绿化树种乔木树种226种，灌木树种154种，藤本树种20种，竹类7种。乔灌木树种比为1：0.68；市区乔木树种120种，灌木树种87种，种数比为1：0.73：常见乔木树种25种，灌木树种21种，种数比为1：0.8。从以上结果看出，树种利用率为乔木53％，灌木56％：市区常见树种利用率乔木为21％，灌木为24％，乔木、灌木树种的利用都偏少。所以城市园林绿地中的乔木、灌木树种的种植力度应加大，提高乔灌木的树种比。 在树种调查、分析、评价的基础上，在缄市生态学、生态园林学、风景美学、城市规划学等学科的理论指导下，根据泰安市作为历史文化名缄和现代旅 李鹏波：泰安市城市园林树种凋查、评价与规划游城市的发展规划，综合泰安市所在植被分布区域的自然规律和城市园林绿化现状，确定泰安市的城市园林树种规划。 其中园林树种的主要比例关系规划为：常绿树种与落叶树种种数比为1：3．5，乔木与灌木种数比为1：I，针叶与阔叶树种数比为1：6。快慢树种比例为：公共绿地快慢树种比为1：12－I：2，街道绿地快慢树种比为1：二．l：3，厂矿机关快慢树种比为1：1－1：！．5。 园林树种的选择为：基调树种为国槐、紫蔽、油松、毛白杨：骨干树种为：行道树：国槐、法桐、银杏、合欢、毛白杨、垂柳、毛白腊、苦氟 千头椿。五角枫；绿篱植物为：大叶黄杨、小叶黄杨、小叶女贞、龙柏、红叶小劈、桧柏、侧柏、拘桔；灌木树种为：花石榴、丰花月季、迎春、贴梗海棠、连翘、凤尾兰、木撞、紫荆：垂亘绿化：爬山虎、五叶地锦、木香、蔷蔽、凌霄类、南蛇藤、金银花、扶芳藤、紫藤、葡萄、猕猴桃：木本地被：爬山虎、迎春、扶芳藤、葛藤、金银花：防护林带：毛白杨、白腊、旱柳、枫杨、臭椿、刺槐、白榆、泡桐、黑松、油松、女贞、小叶女贞、大叶黄杨、紫穗槐、柜柳：有毒污染区：臭椿、合欢、构树、悬铃木、泡桐、银杏、刺槐、卫矛、桧柏、侧柏、桑树、女贞：防污染树种为：毛白杨、悬铃木、泡桐、构树、核桃。公共绿地、专用绿地，除上述l—Sift类型中提到的树种外，可根据不同的绿地性质、立地条件。水源条件、局部小气候条件，从本次规划的18o种树种中选用各自的骨干树种，增加不同的景观效果。表现好的引进树种，如雪松、龙柏、万峰侩。蜀冶、花泊、行捕、玉兰等，可继续选用．但不可千篇一律，要注意合理配植，突出地方特色。一股树种在突出基调树种、骨干树种的同时，在本次树种现划范围内，只要条件许可，尽量多采用一般树种。在注重乡土树种，充分利甲当地树种资源的前提下，可根据不同绿地类型引种部分边缘树种，进一步丰富泰城的植物景观，提高生态环境坟益。 很据城市的特点和树种调查与评价，确定泰安市的树种发展方向为：（l）大力发展乡土树种，特别是代表泰山特色和观赏价值高的乡土树种。（刀广泛’应用花灌木与观叶、观伎、观果树种。（）提倡使用攀援植物与地彼植物。（4）丰富绿篱种类和植物材料。（5）各个绿地要在树种方面突出特色，避免宙同，创造丰富值物的景观。
Using the method of on-site inspection and completely investigateing the trees which can live through the winter in Taian without special careness , including arbor ,shrub, liane, bamboo etc. (including evergreen coniferous arbo, evergreen broadleaf arbo, deciduous coniferous arbor deciduous broadleaf arbo, evergreen coniferous shrub, evergreen broadleaf shrub, deciduous coniferous shrub, deciduous broadleaf shrub, deciduous liane .evergreen liane and bamboo etc.). Through investigating to find that there are 407 kinds of plants in Taian,(the Mountain Tai District and the suburb) but in the city there are only 223 kinds, including 77 kinds of evergreen, for example Cedrus deodara Loud, Sabina chinensis Ant, Finns tabulaeformis Carr., Sabina chinensis Antoine cv.Kaizuka, Platycladus orientalis Franco, Pinus armandii Franch, Euonymus japonicus Thimb, Btacus micmphylla Sieb.t Zucc etc. 330 kinds of deciduous tree, such as Sophora japonica L, Populus tomentosa Carr., Salix babylonica L., Populus canadensis Moench, Prunus lannesiana Lindl, Paulownia fortimei Hemsl, Prumts cerasitera Ehrh., Hibiscus syriacus L, Syringa \volfii Lindl etc. 226 kinds of arbor, 154 kinds of shrub and 20 kinds of liane, 7 kinds of bamboo.On the base of investigation and classify, integrate analysis the garden trees" grow condition, environment condition, according as die large quantity data come from the investigation, evaluate the ornamental"s grow station, the total number of the trees, the proportion of various trees grow together(evergreen-deciduous tree, broad-leaved-needle leaf, arbor-shrub) and trees" adoption to the city"s developments. Through the Investigation of many kinds of garden trees, we conclude mat the scale of evergreen and deciduous tree is 1:4.29; There are 36 kinds of evergreen in the downtown and 223 kinds of deciduous tree, and the scale between them is 1:4.89. According to the applied of the trees, evergreen"s used ratio is more lower, evergreen is important in winter landscape,and it is benefit to beautified the landscape in city park, therefore, we should enlarge the quantity of evergreen.There are 226 kinds of arbor, 154 kinds of shrub and 20 kinds of liane, 7 kinds of bamboo, the scale between arbor and shrub is 1: 0.68. There are 120 kinds of arbor and 87 kinds of shrub in the downtown, and the scale between them is 1: 0.73; Common arbor 25 kinds Tshrub 21 kinds, the scale between them is 1: 0.8. In a word, the use of arbor and shrub are both need development. Arbor build the framework of the landscape, it is most important in the function of the garden.. But shrub is important in the city landscape, it is necessary part of the city landscape. Especially now we like our landscape to more widen and want to create abundant of landscape, shrubs is more should be used.Moreover, through analysis, in general various kinds of trees grow well in Taian, and the local type grow better than the foreign type, in the public landscape most trees grow well, and the trees in road landscape is also grow well although the living condition for them is terrible. Most of the trees in business" landscape grow well, but many business have so small landscape, the choice of trees is not reasonable, growth condition is so bad. But considering the use of trees, many trees need more use in Taian. Not only for the protection of biodiversity but also for the improvement of city landscape.Through evaluation, the scale between evergreen and deciduous tree is 1:4.29; Arbor and shrub is 1:0.75; The needle leaf and broad-leaved tree is 1: 6.84.The total trees" scale is low.So garden trees" rate of the use need to be improved, enlarge the ratio, increase the quantity of the evergreen and shrub.On the base of investgation, analysis and evaluation in trees, under the theories of city ecology, ecologic garden, the scenery esthetics, city planning, according to the development programming that Taian as a famous city for the historical culture and modem landscape. Integrating the natural botanic condition and contemporary landscape,
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