论文标题:洪泽湖湿地国家级自然保护区物种多样性与生态规划研究
Study on Ecological Planning and Biology Diversity of National Reserved Wetland District of Hongze
论文作者
论文导师 张金池,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 生态学
论文单位 南京林业大学,点击次数 351,论文页数 79页File Size5645K
2007-06-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_1080217/
Wetland;; HongzeLake;; Biology Diversity;; Ecosystem;; Ecosystem Restoration;;Ecological Planning
湿地是世界上最重要的生态系统之一，为人类的生产生活提供了多种重要的生态服务功能。但是由于人类对湿地的不合理和过度利用，导致湿地面临生境破碎、面积锐减、生态退化等诸多问题，进而日益严重影响人类生存和发展。因此如何保护湿地独特的生态，实现湿地生态保护与支撑区域经济的可持续发展，是当前湿地课题研究的热点之一。 湿地生物多样性研究是湿地保护与合理利用的前提。生态规划作为保护与发展双赢的管理方式，受到国内外的广泛推崇。生态规划是将生态学原理与规划控制有机结合的一种生态管理方式，核心是在生态保护的前提下实现其保护与发展双重功能。湿地生物多样性资源是湿地最重要的生态资源之一，其保护与合理利用也是湿地生态规划的重要方面。 本文从湿地生物多样性研究入手，在以下方面开展了研究工作： 1．系统研究了洪泽湖湿地国家级自然保护区的湿地植物多样性和鸟类多样性。证明洪泽湖湿地生物多样性资源丰富，已记录到植物217种(亚种)、鸟类146种。其中国家一、二级保护动物22种。填补了该湿地生物多样性研究的空白，加快了洪泽湖湿地国家级自然保护区的建设进程。 2．在对生物多样性资源深入调查的基础上，探索如何将生物多样性资源调查研究与生态环境评价和生态保护规划相结合，从生物资源等方面对湿地保护区生态系统进行了综合评价。提出了湿地生态规划目标，并制定了具体的保护方案。 3．洪泽湖水体质量是直接影响洪泽湖湿地生态系统限制生态因子。通过对洪泽湖各入湖断面水质的检测，发现有机污染(BOD)是洪泽湖水污染的主要问题。N、P也是洪泽湖污染的主要部分，对湖体水质的富营养化影响显著，生活污水未经处理直接排入河流是造成氨氮超标的主要原因之一，工业废水的直接排入、上游入境客水、养殖过程中使用含磷饲料，以及农业生产过程中大量农药、化肥的使用等都会洪泽湖水体污染产生影响。应该引起重视。 4．对湿地保护区进行生态规划，对区域的生态格局和土地利用方式进行规划控制。目的是在保护湿地所在区域总体生态环境的前提下，对湿地资源进行合理利用，实现区域和谐发展。提出科学划分洪泽湖湿地生态环境功能区以及发展特色经济、科学管理适度开发等措施，保障湿地与周边区域经济持续、健康发展。 5．提出洪泽湖生态恢复与保护途径：通过绿化工程、控制上游水土流失、保护湖滨带、淀底清淤等措施恢复湿地基底。通过恢复与重建水生植物、保护湿地野生动物等措施恢复湿地生物。通过退田还湖、重点地区封育、生态系统结构与功能优化配置、建设湿地自然洪泽湖湿地等措施恢复湿地生态系统结构与功能。
Wetland, which provides us with resources of water, biology, energy, transportation and traveling, is one of the most significant ecosystems on the earth. Its physic, chemic and biologic constituents interact, enabled wetland to have giant environmental functions and ecological benefits in many aspects that cannot be substituted for by others ecosystems, such as adjusting climate, self-controlling water source, storing floodwater for use in the future, avoiding drought, purifying water quality, protecting biodiversity. Therefore wetland together with forest and sea is called the most three biggest ecosystems on the earth. So it is main protect object of our human beings. The research of biology diversity is the premise of the protects and reasonable exploitation on wetland. As a tour way for win both protection and development, ecoplanning being subjected to worship extensively at home and abroad. A good eco-planning is one of the important prior condition deciding ecotourism can or not carry out its dual function for protect and develop. The biology diversity is one of the most important tour resources in wetland, its protect and reasonable exploitation is the most important thing in the wetland ecotourism planning. This text commences from research of biology diversity in the wetland, its research works include the following aspects: First, the diversity of plant and bird in wetland was studied in a systemic way. at the foundation that biology, diversity inquirer, that how to combine the biology diversity inquirer with ecoplanning resources assessment and the environmental protection planning together, make the use of resources and protect more scientific. Second, through the analysis on the ingredients of Hongze Lake wetland ecosystem, specially the plants" habitat distributions, it is demonstrated that the ecosystem is generally good, but there are some environmental troubles, such as excess innings, illogical manners of life and production, extensive management, the destruction from partial foreign species, and wetland reduction in cultivated region. Hence, the wetland construction can restore the ecosystem and conserve the wetland reserve. Third, water pollution is the main factor that affects the ecosystem of wetland. Through the analysis on the ingredients of Hongze Lake, the pollution of BOD is the first problem. Pollution of N,P is the other affection that we should pay more attentions Fourth, the paper innovates the approach of ecological planning, Idea planning mostly discusses objects, principles, stakeholders and ecological service values of wetland park construction. The objects are mufti-objectives of resource, education, industry, recreation and development, and the final goal is built up a national ecological model region. The principles are non-pollution and environment precedence, sustainable development, and ecological culture. Fifth, eco-planning of project and product and design are very important to heighten the quality of wetland. Ecosystem resources assessment and" environmental protection planning should be enhance as soon as possible. This paper based on Hongze Lake wetland, through resources investigation and analysis, promote some new concept and way, Inconsequence from theory and practice, some configuration concerning planning are promoted.
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