论文标题:王阳明哲学体系中的道德与知识
The Morality and Knowledge in WangYangMing"s Philosophical System
论文作者
论文导师 徐福来,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 伦理学
论文单位 南昌大学,点击次数 134,论文页数 44页File Size2598K
2007-11-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_109112272/
Yangming;; Moral;; Knowledge
尊德性与道问学是宋明理学的一个重要问题,在阳明心学思想中,集中体现在道德与知识的关系问题上。阳明通过自身的体悟,意识到朱熹析心与理为二,导致了在格物致知工夫中道德与知识的紧张关系,并使得个体在做成圣工夫时,流于支离烦琐,造成道德与知识的断裂,偏离了儒家成圣的终极目标。 面对这种断裂,首先,阳明构建以心与理合一为基础,以“致良知”为核心的心学体系。把道德与知识重新统一起来,重塑了宋明理学的传统——即确立“尊德性”为先,“道问学”为基的逻辑结构;并且集中以博文与约礼、下学与上达、惟精与惟一、诚意与格物等四对概念来进一步探讨道德与知识的关系问题。通过这一探讨,阳明指出,知识是道德的表现,道德是知识的主宰,个体在不受支离烦琐的外在知识的干扰下,能够成就其德性,达到圣人之境。 其次,阳明解析了作为道德准则的良知和作为道德基础的知识。阳明赋予了道德作为知识或认识活动过程中主宰的角色,同时,他又赋予了知识作为道德升华过程中辅翼的角色。知识的提升为德性的纯化提供持续性的可能,德性的扩充为知识的增进指明方向,使个体既能知善知恶又能好善恶恶,从而真正达到知识与道德的统一。 最后,阳明以自我生命体悟为特色的解释学说明了:知识的获得与增进必须在道德的统领和主宰下进行,道德在日常生活的凸现以知识的形式得到彰显,为学的目的不仅仅是增加知识,更应该注重儒家精神中的“为己”二字。在实践中,知识是个体扩充德性的基础,反过来,德性的扩充又提升了知识的意义,两者相得益彰,下学而上达。
Honoring Moral Nature and Following the Path of Inquiry is an important issue in the Song and Ming Dynasties, and it collectively reflected in the relationship between ethics and knowledge in Yangming"s School of Mind. Through the experience of himself, Yangming waked up to that parting of Heart and Reason leads to the tense relationship of ethics and knowledge in the "to investigate things is to attain knowledge" skill. And the parting also can lancinate the relationship of ethics and knowledge, which can lead people departure from the saint-to-be ultimate goal when he try to be. In order to solve this problem, firstly, Yangming constructed a "heart" theory which is centered on the Extension of Innate Knowledge and based on the syncretism of Heart and Reason. The reunification of ethics and knowledge remolded the custom of Song and Ming Dynasties, which established the logical construction of "Honoring the Virtuous Nature" first and "Following the Knowledge" based. He made further discussion on the relationship of ethics and knowledge, which is centered on four couples of concepts: "erudite learning" and "binding with rites", "peculiar learning" and "universal understanding", "quintessence" and "single-minded", "sincerity" and "investigation of things". Through the discussion, Yangming pointed out that, knowledge is the representation of ethics, ethics is the domination of knowledge, and individuals can be saint when he got rid of the interference of outside fragmented and hairsplitting knowledge. Secondly, Yanyming analyzed the conscience played as moral norm and knowledge played as moral foundation. Yangming endowed normal as the main role of knowledge or cognition, at the same time, he also endowed knowledge as the wing of normal sublimation. All of these made individuals to know good and evil, thereby unified the knowledge and the normal in deed. Lastly, the hermeneutic of Yangming as characteristic of self-realization of life showed that: the acquisition and the accumulation of knowledge must be commanded and dominated under the normal, the illustriousness of normal in daily life formed as knowledge, the purpose of study was more than the increase of knowledge, we should pay more attention to "learning for oneself of Confucianism Spirit. In practice, knowledge was the base of normal expansion of individual, on the contrary, the expansion of normal enhanced the meaning of knowledge, both complement each other, peculiar learning for universal understanding.
|
