论文标题:“西藏人权问题”与美国对华人权外交的衍变（1959～2000）
On the Construction of Party"s Administrative Ability in New Period
论文作者 杨绪
论文导师 李晔,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 世界现代史
论文单位 东北师范大学,点击次数 461,论文页数 58页File Size250k
2004-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_10981592/ 美中关系 ; 西藏人权问题 ; 人权外交; 达赖喇嘛 ; 西藏分裂势力
U.S.-Sino Relationship ; Tibet Human Rights Problem; Human Rights Diplomacy ; Dalai-lama; Tibetan Separatists
“西藏人权问题”是多年来纠缠于中美关系的一个十分敏感而重要的议题。美国借1959年中国中央政府平息西藏叛乱之机开始提出所谓的“西藏人权问题”，随后又在1959年和60年代初推动联合国大会通过了三个有关“西藏问题”的决议，从此所谓的“西藏人权问题”正式走向了国际舞台。70年代的美国为了联华抗苏，松动了包括“西藏人权问题”在内的中美关系中的症结问题，但是随着80年代美苏关系的缓和以及美国卡特政府对外推行“人权外交”，“西藏问题”也开始沉渣泛起，再次披上了“人权”的外衣；冷战结束后的90年代，流亡海外的达赖分裂集团与美国国内的反华反共势力沆瀣一气，利用世界形势的变化，大肆攻击中国政府侵犯“西藏人权”，要求给予“西藏民族自决”，企图以迂回的战术达到“西藏独立”的目的。而中美关系中“西藏人权问题”之所以长期存在，一方面是因为美国反华的政治斗争需要，另一方面也是中美不同文化背景下的以“人权观”为代表的美国国民价值观以及美国民众的西藏“情结”等社会人文因素所造成的。本文以美国政府解密的文件和相关的档案为基础，以历史事实为依据，力图通过考察20世纪后半叶美国“西藏人权问题”的历史发展脉络，揭露美国对华推行人权外交，向中国炮制所谓“西藏人权问题”的真相与遏制中国的实质。全文共分四部分：第一部分：叙述了所谓“西藏人权问题”的由来。主要内容包括：1959年西藏叛乱和“西藏人权问题”提出；美国推动联合国三次通过有关“西藏问题”的决议；70年代美中关系缓和与“西藏人权问题”的搁置。第二部分：经历70年代的沉寂，“西藏人权问题”在80年代重新出现在国际舞台上，美国开始对华推行人权外交。主要内容包括：80年代国际形势的变化和美国对华政策的演变从而导致“西藏人权问题”的重新提出；1989年拉萨骚乱对所谓的“西藏人权问题”带来的影响；90年代冷战结束，美国人权外交矛头开始指向中国；中美在第48届联合国人权大会上的斗争及克林顿任内对华推行“西藏人权外交”的强化趋势。第三部分：对所谓“西藏人权问题”的几点思考。主要内容包括：探讨“西藏人权问题”在中美关系中不同时期所处的地位和影响；剖析美国社会关注“西藏人权问题”的社会人文因素；并展望“西藏人权问题”在两国关系中的未来发展走势。第四部分：结论。要正视中美关系间“西藏人权问题”的客观存在，有针对性的采取一些相应的对策：既要克服以往在治藏政策中出现的失误和偏差，又要警惕达赖流亡分裂势力企图分裂祖国的阴谋。
“Tibet Human Rights Problem” has been one of the sensitive and important issues in U.S.-Sino relationship for many years. U.S. put forward it after the armed rebellion of Tibetan having been put down by the Chinese government in 1959. U.S. manipulated the UN General Assembly to pass three resolutions in 1959, 1961 and 1965, since then “Tibet Human Rights Problem” entered into the international stage.During the 1970"s, U.S. had loosened the control of some problems between China and America in order to antagonize the Soviet Union. When the moderating the contradictory between U.S. and the Soviet Union and president Jimmy Carter practiced “Human Rights Diplomacy” in 1980"s, “Tibet Problem” began to overlap with “Human Rights Issue”. With the end of the Cold War, both Tibet separatists and Anti-China groups in U.S. criticized that Chinese government has abused “Tibetan Human Rights” and requested for the right of “Tibetan self-determination ”so as to realize the Independence of Tibet. “Tibet Human Rights problem” in U.S.-Sino relationship has been alive for a long time because anti-China groups wanted to use it as a tool to constrain China and they have different ideology with China.Based on American declassified documents and archives, the dissertation tries to open out the panorama of U.S. “Human Rights Diplomacy” by looking into the history of “Tibet Human Rights” in the 20th century.This dissertation is divided into four parts as follows:Section One narrates the origin of the “Tibet Human Rights Problem” including the Tibetan Rebellion in 1959, the resolutions of “Tibet Issue” which was passed in UN Assembly and then the “Tibet Issue” was laid aside with the détente between China and America during 1970’s. Section Two: “Tibet Human Rights Problem” emerged again and the U.S. government put human rights diplomacy in practice toward China. The contents Include the changing of the international situation and the American foreign policy to China, the influence of Lhasa riot, America began to pay more attention to China on the so-called “Human Rights Problem”, The conflict in the 48th General Assembly between U.S.-Sino.Section Three appraises “Tibet Human Rights Problem” and what kind of role it has played in China-American relationship in different time. This part also discloses the reasons that American public paid so much attention on “Tibet Human Rights”.Section Four is the conclusion part. We should estimate “Tibet Human Rights Problem” impersonly and calmly when it is involved in U.S.-Sino relationship, make fit policy on Tibet, and we have to keep alert to the conspiracy of Tibetan separatists.
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