论文标题:浅析西部的贫困与生态问题
Green Barriers and Green Trade
论文作者 张煦
论文导师 张向达,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 国民经济学
论文单位 东北财经大学,点击次数 28,论文页数 41页File Size573k
2002-02-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_111801277/ 西部贫困,生态环境
Poverty of the West,Ecological Environment
90年代初，党中央提出了实施西部大开发战略，这是加速我国现代化建设的一项重大战略决策，也是为了实现缩小东西部差距的重要举措。历史的经验表明，如果在西部大开发中继续延续“先污染后治理、先破坏后恢复”的老路，那就要付出沉重的代价，甚至造成不可弥补的损失。因此，生态环境的发展成为影响西部发展的重要因素。在对西部生态环境分析的同时发现，西部生态环境恶化与西部的贫困不无关系，甚至是相互影响。首先，西部的贫困人口多分布在西部的6大生态恶化区。恶劣的生态环境和贫困现象经常是伴生现象，这在我国的西部表现的最为突出，我国80%的国家级贫困县和绝大多数贫困人口集中在西部的生态恶化区。那些地区自然条件恶劣，生态破坏严重，基础设施薄弱，生产方式落后，群众生产生活十分困难。随后，在本文中对西部生态环境恶化的描述中也提到了由于人为活动导致了各地各区域不同程度的生态环境遭到破坏。同时，经济发展滞后是西部地区生态加速恶化的主要原因。资金的紧张，导致基本建设的投入不足；贫困地区温饱问题解没有解决，生存发展和生态保护的矛盾很大；受国家向东倾斜政策影响，西部地区经济发展缓慢，生态治理能力受到削弱，生态环境恶化的不良后果越来越清楚地显现出来。西部地区生态环境恶化爆发出了远比西部经济差距拉大强烈得多的巨大破坏性。源出于西部地区的长江泛滥、黄河断流、沙暴狂卷，给下游地区、东部地区造成重大经济损失，对整个中国造成巨大的冲击和震骇。然而，随西部经济发展落后出现的西部生态环境急剧恶化并迅速向外扩延的局面及其如此之大的灾难性后果却是没有料到的。可以说，生态环境的恶化对于中国西部地区乃至我国的经济发展都有不容忽视的影响，尤其是对那些要脱贫困的地区、县是至关重要的。 最后，我们建议：鉴于先期西部选择单纯的开发式的扶贫所取得的效果，我们应考虑到我国西部的贫困地区都处在自然生态环境极其恶劣的区域，政府应采取适时有效的政策，在脱贫的同时能抑制生态环境的恶化；应充分发挥国家作为国民经济宏观调控者的作用，加大对西部地区生态环境建设的投资和政策倾斜力度；采取法律、经济、技术和必要的行政手段，努力促进西部地区环境保护工作的开展；对于处于西部地区的广大人民群众来说，应该在政策的指引下，大胆的作一些切合实际的尝试，大力发展生态农业，努力实现脱贫与生态环境的双赢。
In the early 1990"s, carrying out west Exploration strategy is a vital step to impulse our modernization process and reduce the gap between east and west of China. It had been proved if west Exploration went on the old path "harness after pollution, recover after destruction, it will cost too much, even make irremediable cost. Therefore, the development of ecological environment has become a key factor to the development of the west. While analyzing the ecological environment of the west, I find there is a tight relation between the ecological environment deterioration of the west and the poverty of the west.First, much poor population of the west locates in the six ecological deterioration areas of the west. Inclement ecological environment often accompanied by poverty, which is outstanding in the west of China. About 80 percent of national country in poverty and most of population in poverty concentrates these areas with inclement natural conditions, bad destruction ecology, weak infrastructure, less developed technology of production and arduous living. As analyzing above all, my thesis also discusses that human action made a great lot of destruction to the ecological environment in varying degrees.Moreover, further inclement of ecology is due to less development of economy. Insufficient funds resulted in inadequate inputs to infrastructure. These areas in poverty are far away from fundamental living protection with great contradiction among existence, development and ecological protection; all these problems became more and more serious as the result of formal national policies that focused on the east development. Inclement, ecological environment of the east broke out more distraction than economic gap of the east. Yangtze River in flood, Yellow River stop run, sand scream in wild, all of which is produced mainly in the west, made not only enormous economic losses, but also great shock to the whole country. But all of above didn"t be expected. In such point of view, inclement ecological environmenthas great influence on the east even the whole country of China, especially to the areas and countries in poverty.According to above, try to make following suggest: on the case that previous polices developed the west with simple means, on the base of the west condition, our government should take on efficient policies to inclement ecological environment; make the best use of macro regulation; make more preferential policies to the west; use proper series means of law, economy, technology and necessary administrational methods to impulse the ecological protection. The masses of the west, with these polices, try their own best to develop the west.
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