论文标题:我国居民收入分配差距及对策研究
Discussing the Possibility of Introducing Plea Bargaining
论文作者 李鑫
论文导师 尹效华,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 国民经济学
论文单位 郑州大学,点击次数 82,论文页数 59页File Size2123k
2005-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_112062787/ 中国居民;收入差距;合理;要素按贡献分配;对策
Chinese residents; income gap; rationality; distribution according to the contribution of production factors; counter-measures
我国居民的收入差距问题在近年来受到广泛的关注,因此对此问题的研究是有意义的。本文以我国居民的收入差距,尤其是改革开放后的收入为研究对象,首先对城乡差距、行业差距、地区差距和所有制差距等进行了实证分析,希望能对我国居民的收入差距有一个较为全面的了解和认识;并在此基础上对收入差距的成因进行了分析;然后讨论了收入差距对我国经济社会的影响;最后,针对于这些存在的问题,就如何理顺收入分配进行了探讨。 全文共分五章。第一章在概述前人研究成果和改革开放前居民收入差距情况的基础上,着重分析了转轨时期中国居民总体收入差距的现状,并具体阐述了城乡居民收入差距、地区间居民收入差距、行业间收入差距和不同所有制间职工的收入差距的现状。 第二章认为,导致中国居民收入差距拉大的原因是多方面的,这包括①经济的发展,这主要是指非公有制经济的发展、农村非农产业的发展和财富的积累效应;②体制的转型,这主要是指所有制的调整、市场化对垄断的克服和寻租行为的出现;③政府政策的作用,这主要是指户籍制度、工农业产品“剪刀差”政策、非均衡的地区发展政策和对外开放等因素的作用;④分配方式的变革。这是指我国从改革前的平均分配状态转变到现在的以按劳分配为主体,多种分配方式并存,特别是按要素贡献分配的实施。 第三章首先指出,对于当前的收入差距,总体上的确过大。但差距过大和差距的合理性并不完全一致。据此本文提出了分析差距合理性的主观和客观标准,并在此基础上分析出当前收入差距的不合理效应已经大于它的合理效应,因此必须对当前的收入差距进行调整。 第四章根据第二章提出的收入差距的成因,有针对性的提出了对策建议,这包括①整顿初次分配领域的秩序,注重效率,贯彻按要素贡献分配,同时不能放弃对起点公平和过程公平的维护;②加大再分配调节力度,通过完善所得税等手段调节过高收入,通过社会保障和生产自救等手段提高低收入者的收入;③其它的措施,这是指收入分配领域之外的措施,如通过推动经济的发展、做大可供分配的“蛋糕”、积极稳妥地推进体制的转型,出台产业政策及地区政策来支持产业和地区的发展。
In recent years the income gap of Chinese residents receives the extensive concern, so the study on this problem is meaningful. This text focuses on the income gap of Chinese residents, especially the income after reform and opening to the outside world. It first have carried on real example analysis to disparity, trade disparity in urban and rural areas, regional disparity and ownership disparity, etc. to hope to have a more comprehensive understanding and knowledge of the income gap of Chinese residents; And has analyzed the cause of the income gap on that basis above; Then discussed the impact on economic society of our country of the income gap. Finally, the article has carried on the discussion to how to make income distribution in order.The full text divides into five chapters altogether. Chapter one has analyzed the current situation of Chinese resident"s overall income gap during the transition period emphatically on summing up forefathers" research results, and has describes the gap between urban and rural residents, eastern and western, public-hold firms and private-hold firms, etc.Chapter two supposed that the reasons that Chinese resident"s incomegap widens to be in many aspects, this including (1)the development ofeconomy. This mainly refers to the development of non-public economy, the development of the rural non-agricultural industry and accumulation effect of the wealth; (2)the transition of the system. This means mainly adjustment of ownership, the overcome of marketization against monopolst and seeking the activity of renting ; (3)the effects of government"s policy and change ofthe method of income distribution. This mean the " scissors difference " policy, unbalanced regional development policies and the function of factorsuch as being opening to the outside world; ?the change of the method ofdistribution. TChapter four has first pointed out the income gap has been bigger, but this doesn"t meant it is not rational. This article has pointed out for the first time the two standards to justify income gap"s rationality. Then argue at now it is not rational so we must take great effort to adjust the income order.Chapter four has advised several suggestions to clear up the incomeorder.That included ?clearing up the order of first-distribution field; (2)increasing the measure effects in the second-distribution filed. This means regulating the too high income through perfecting such means as the incometax , ;(3)taking other measure that possible to cure this. This refers tomeasures not in income distribution field, such as promoting the development of the economics, making the big " cake " suitable for assigning, advancing the system actively and reliably, issue the industrial policy and regional policy to support the development of the industries and areas.
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