论文标题:中国汽车产业组织研究
The Application of Lean Retailing to the Product Operations of Manufacturers
论文作者 李作奎
论文导师 邱国栋,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 企业管理
论文单位 东北财经大学,点击次数 2234,论文页数 45页File Size2028k
2004-12-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_11437/ 汽车产业;产业组织;研究
Automobile industry; Industrial organization; Study
汽车产业发展水平是衡量一个国家工业化水准、经济实力和科技创新能力的重要标志,无论是发达国家还是发展中国家都把汽车产业发展放在重要战略地位。中国汽车产业与汽车强国相比,存在规模不经济、市场价格高、市场集中度低等缺点,但其中最根本的就是整个产业缺乏产业组织能力、企业缺乏核心竞争力。良好的产业组织形态是提高产业经营活动效率、培育竞争优势的保证。企业间通过一系列相应的制度安排,实现资金、技术、产品和知识在企业间有目的的流动,不但能够提高整个产业组织能力,而且能够提升单个企业的核心竞争力。中国传统的汽车企业经营管理模式是以资源的占有、控制为理念,从而形成了目前100多家“大而全、小而全”的全能型整车企业--汽车集团都有自己的零部件配套体系。随着中国汽车产业的并购、重组的频繁发生,逐步形成了以资产、资金为纽带的三大汽车集团。这样虽然提高了产业的集中度,但是集团内企业优质资产没有得到融合,重复生产、重复建设和过度甚至是恶性竞争现象愈演愈烈。这种以控制资源为目的的粗放式的发展不能增加产业组织能力,或者说没有最大化地增加产业组织能力。企业的盈利增长率也没有得到显著提高,这不能不令学术界和实业界感到忧虑。国内外研究中国汽车产业和研究产业组织的学者很多,但是能够把二者有机结合起来,解决中国汽车产业的实际问题的却很少。鉴于此,本文从5部分对中国汽车产业组织进行论述:第1部分是从企业(企业家)角度对产业组织进行了一个诠释--在市场经济体制中,实现产业组织的真正直接行为主体不是政府,而是企业或企业家,其目的是在产业组织中实现本公司的管理外延或文化外延,从而建立有效利用外部资源和抗拒外部风险的生存共同体。第2部分总体概括了中国汽车产业组织问题:面对经济全球化和知识经济的今天,这种强调公司占有、控制更多资源为基础的传统产业经营模式--以产权为纽带的纵向一体化已经很难适应当前竞争环境和公司未来发展的需要,必须做出新的战略选择。因此,本文第3部分详细分析了中国汽车产业组织内外环境和产
The development level of automobile industry is the vital sign of weighing a national industrialized level, economic strength, scientific and technological innovation capability. Both developed countries and developing countries put the development of automobile industry in the strategic position. Comparing with powerful countries of the automobile, Chinese automobile industry has shortcomings as uneconomical scale, high market price, lower market concentration degree. However, the most basic one is that the whole industry lacks the competence to industrial organization and enterprise lacks the core competence. The better industrial organization form is to improve industry"s business activities efficiency, and assurance fostering the competition advantage. Arrangement through a series of corresponding systems among enterprises, realization of the fund, technology, products and knowledge in the purposeful flow among enterprises, not only can improve the competence of the whole industry but also can promote the core competitiveness of individual enterprises.Traditional automobile enterprises of China ride the management mode of occupying, controlling of resources. Thus, it has formed more than 100 " big and the whole, small and comprehensive " all-round completed car enterprises at present ---Automobile group all have one"s own related system of spare parts. With mergers and acquisitions of the Chinese automobile industry, it has formed three major automobile groups regarding assets, fund as tie progressively. Although the concentration degree of the whole industry is improved, enterprise"s high-quality assets are not integrated in the group. Repeated production and repeated construction malign automobile grow. Such development taking and controlling resources as extensive type of the purpose can"t increase the competence of the industry, in other words, has not increased the maximizing competence. The profits rate of individual enterprises is not improved notably either, which makes academia and business circles feel worried.Study on the Chinese automobile industry or industrial organization individually both at home and abroad is enough, however, combination the two is few. In view of this, the paper consisting of five parts describes Chinese automobile industrial organization: The first part carries on an explanatory to industrial organization in the perspective of enterprises or entrepreneurs—in the market economic system, the real direct action subject of utility of industrial organization is not the government, but the enterprises or entrepreneurs, aiming to realize the management epitaxy of the company or cultural epitaxy in industrial organization, thus setting up the existence community which utilizes outside resources and resists the external risk effectively. The second part summarizes the existence of Chinese automobile industrial organization overall: confronting the present economic globalization and knowledge economy, the company places emphasis on occupying, controlling resources which is difficult to meet present competitive environment and company need of development in the future looking on property right as integration tie. Hence, it must make the fresh strategic choice. So, the third part of the paper has analyzed the internal and external environment of industrial organization of Chinese automobile and current situation of industrial organization in detail, suggesting that Chinese automobile industry failing to form the industrial organization form should dues to the Chinese automobile industrial organization ---Enterprises or the entrepreneur. They have not stretched the tangible control hands out-of-bounds, fail to utilize outside resources effectively and improve the enterprise competence. The fourth part of the paper makes a comparison between the characteristic of Chinese and foreign automobile industrial organization pointedly. On the basis of the third and fourth parts, combining the Chinese automobile industrial organization question, the fifth part of the paper uses Japan " enterprise se
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