论文标题:现代中国家族叙事文学研究
A Study of the Saga Novels of Modern China
论文作者 叶永胜
论文导师 王铁仙,论文学位 博士,论文专业 中国现当代文学
论文单位 华东师范大学,点击次数 865,论文页数 212页File Size14402k
2005-04-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_117557/ 现代中国文学;家族文化;家族叙事;流变;叙事特征;主题;形象;批评
literary works of modern China; family culture; saga novel; change process; narrative characteristic; subject; imagine; criticism
中国的家族观念非常深厚,渗透于社会的各个方面,对中国人的生活产生了强大的支配、制约作用。虽然在20世纪这个社会转型期,家族制度被瓦解,家族组织也走向崩溃没落,但是家族情结已经扎根于民众意识深处,内化为民族的集体无意识,并成为文学书写的一个重要内容。现代家族叙事继承了明清家族文学的传统,记录了家族在现代转型期所经历的由兴盛走向衰败最终崩溃解体的过程,并由此折射出民族国家的沧桑历程;通过对家族中人物命运遭际的描述,展现了一个多世纪中国人的悲喜忧欢,揭示了他们的思想意识和精神面貌的嬗变历程。家族主题贯穿了现代中国文学史,表现了现代知识分子阶层在现代化进程中对家族的观照与省察。现代家族叙事的流变反映了人们在不同时期关于个人、家族和民族国家的想像,反映了人们的现代化追求,并折射出一个世纪文化语境和话语主体情感体验的变动。 家族文学作为一个叙事类型具有相似的美学品格。题材特有的伦理、亲情内容,日常生活场景中体现出来的丰富文化景观,家事国史共生的浓厚历史意味,宏大繁复的组织结构,复杂多样的人物形象,是其共有的特征。先锋叙事在形式方面的实验探索,更是拓宽了其审美表现领域。现代知识分子对家族的矛盾心态孳生了家族叙事批判与眷恋的背反书写,体现了叙述者的“围城”意识。现代家族叙事在叙述视角和叙事功能方面也不断变化,由全知叙事转向限知叙事,由对政治文本的想像转向对文化文本的虚构。叙事文本中的话语之争,文本间的仿拟等修辞策略和悲喜剧艺术手法,都提示了言说主体的心理意识和价值准则。 关于家族性生存方式的展现是家族叙事重要的内容。20世纪叙事中,叙述家族衰落的颓败型叙事成为主要形式;另外,家族的恩怨情仇、神奇传说也是题中应有之义。在家族叙事中还包蕴着其它主题,如记录知识分子的心灵嬗变,反映农村和农民的百年命运,揭示女性生存体验等等。家族叙事通过塑造一系列人物形象,揭示了中国人的生存形态,展现了人性之丰富驳杂。 现代中国家族叙事取得了很大成就,但是与国外家族文学比较,还有很多不足,如遵循政治性原则的功利性写作,日常生活的庸常化书写,叙事的影像化商业化,思想意蕴的平面化雷同化,情节的模式化,追求结构的史诗化等,艺术上缺少独创性。家族叙事要有进一步的发展,必须要在主题的开掘、思想意蕴的提升、艺术形式的继承与创新上下功夫。作家要立足于对世界的个体化思考,创造独特的艺术世界。
The mood of family is very solid in China. It determines the Chinese living in all aspects. In the 20~(th) century, family system was collapsed, but the feelings is always strong. Saga novels of modern China inherit the literary traditions of Ming and Qing Dynasties. They narrate the decadent process of families, record the history of the China, depict the Chinese daily living, and reflect the changes of the Chinese spirit. The changes of saga novels reflect the authors" different imagination about individual, family and nation in every period. These novels express the Chinese pursuit of modernization in the 20~(th) century, and refract the change of the culture context and authors" feelings.Saga novels have similar aesthetic characteristics in some ways, for example, morality, blood relationship, rich and varied culture intension, dense historical atmosphere, grand structure, varied images and complicated characters. The vanguard novelists explore some possibilities from the angle of narration. These trials develop the realm of the aesthetic manifestation. The modern intellectuals" dilemma mood breed contradictory narrative of family. In the aspect of narrative view and function, saga novels undergo a revolution from omniscient point to limited point and from political imagination to cultural fabrication in the 20~(th) century. Meanwhile, the dispute of discourse, the rhetoric of pastiche and the artistic skill of tragedy or comedy both reveal the novelists" sense and law of value.The main content of saga novels is the exhibition of peoples" existence style in family. The decadence of family is a chief kind subject of narrative. The gratitude or resentment and romances of family are the important content of the novels, too. In addition, the changing situation of modern intellectuals" mind, the countryside and peasants" destiny, the female"s living during a century are also ordinary subjects of these novels. And the novels depict a series of imagines. They are vivid and varied.Saga novels of modern China achieve a great of success, but they have some shortcomings by comparing with the foreign literatures, for example, narrative political utilized , living trivialized, televised, commercialized. The plot and intention of novels are resemble. The narrative is short of originality. Saga novels must discard old ideas and bring forth new ones, and then create a unique art world.
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