论文标题:制度与经济发展
Institution and Economic Development
论文作者 韩立鑫
论文导师 马春文,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 西方经济学
论文单位 吉林大学,点击次数 112,论文页数 48页File Size261k
2005-04-29论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_120404577/ 制度;制度变迁;经济发展
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经济发展是长时段世界经济的增长。简单地说,经济发展就是经济增长。因为经济增长同时产生的一定是结构的转换及人民福利水平的提高,而这些正是经济发展的全部内容。关于经济发展原因的探讨一直是经济学界关注的焦点。在经济发展理论的研究过程中,制度因素越来越受到经济学家们的重视。制度促进一国经济发展可以从两个层面分析,一是宏观层次,二是微观层次。经济发展实质上是更有效利用资源的制度变迁过程。制度与经济发展的关系是新制度经济学的“四大支柱”之一。从某种意义上讲,制度的起源、制度变迁与创新、国家供给制度都与经济发展有关。本文以新制度经济学理论为理论基石,通过对影响经济发展的各种因素的分析,寻求它们的内在联系机制,由此来研究制度与制度变迁在经济发展过程中的作用,得出本文的核心结论:制度决定经济发展。当制度作为一种规则影响经济发展时政府的作用是不可低估的,尤其是政府通过建立规则推进制度变迁具有很大的必要性和可行性。中国20多年的经济体制改革实际上就是一个制度变迁进程。在这一过程中,中国经济持续稳定增长;但是改革作为一项复杂的系统的制度变迁工程,难免存在各种各样的问题。本文结合发展中国家的实际情况,针对制度转型时期中国地区差异扩大问题进行研究,证明发展中国家与发达国家,我国内地地区与沿海地区的差异主要是制度上的差异,制度瓶颈使落后国家和地区的各种要素难以通过市场机制有效地配置。当然,制度并非是万能的,但是在我国市场化改革进程中,我们需要更加重视制度的作用。
Economic development is the growth of the long period internationaleconomy. Briefly, Economic development is economic growth. Becauseeconomic growth at the same time must be the structure"s conversion andimprovement of people"s welfare level, and these are all contents of economicdevelopment. The discussion about the economic development reason hasbeen paid close attention in the economic educational circles all the time. Inthe course of research of the economic development theory, institution factor ispaid more and more attention by economists. Many people regarded lacking ofcapital as a main restraint of economic development, m \5&e past. In. fact, themain reason for restricting economic development lies in the institution. Theinstitution can be analyzed from two aspects while bringing about onecountry"s economic development, first, macro level, and second, micro level.In fact, economic development is the institution changes of utilizing resourcesmore effectively. Compared with new classical economics, new institutioneconomics, furthermore help to explain why some countries develop, somecountries are in the state of stagnating.The relation between institution and economic development is one of "four major pillars " of new institution economics. In a sense, the origin,institution changes and innovation, and institution supply are all relate toeconomic development. The efficient institution promotes economic growthand development; On the contrary, the inefficient institution suppresses andeven hinders economic growth and development. In the twenties of lastcentury, Veblen and Commons set up the economic theory taking theinstitution as basic content, analyze the economic question by social peopleand historical people, and emphasize the important function of the systemfactor on the economic life. In the seventies, new institution school forrepresentatives of Coase and North, lay particular emphasis on composition,operation and role in economic life of institution in terms of microcosmic,expanding the influence of the new institution school day by day.While studying economic development, the economists who studyinstitution problem gives different definitions of the institution from differentangles. Generally speaking, three kinds of definitions are comparativelygeneral and popular at present. A kind of view thinks the institution isorganization, a kind of view thinks the institution is rule, and another kind ofview regards the institution as a kind of equilibrium of playing chess. The textinclines to regard the institution as rule even more. New institution economicsthink a series of rule are composed of unofficial rule of the society approves,formal rule of national regulation and the implement mechanism. These threeparts are basic key elements of institution. And the institution changes theoryis the key part of the new institution economics system. According to different form of economic development, we can divide theeconomic growth form that the mankind goes through into "Adam Smith way","Ford way", "Solow way" and "Schumpeter way". The institution promotes orrestricts economic development through acting on various kinds of factors ofinfluencing economic development. The modern economic growth should notrepel the structure effect. Modern economic growth is a general quantitycourse in certain meaning, but can"t leave structure analysis. It can beconnected inter-dynamically through the productivity and technology thateconomic development, institution changes and structural adjustment. When the institution influences economic development as a kind of rule,then the government"s function is incomparable. Though the unofficial rule isvery valid under most situations, in fact all complicated large-scale societieshave adopted the formal system, and emphasize the function of the formalinstitution. Because setting up rules by government has several advantages.Especially it has several necessity and feasibility that the government set uprule to advance institution changes. The economic system reforms of more than 20 years of
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