论文标题:论战时美国的拉美战略与政策
Latin America Strategy and Policy of the United States during the Second World War
论文作者 周志和
论文导师 熊伟民,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 世界史
论文单位 湖南师范大学,点击次数 237,论文页数 52页File Size2693k
2004-04-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_12287247/ 二战;美国;拉丁美洲;战略;政策
the Second World War;America;Latin America;Strategy;Policy
在第二次世界大战中，由于拉丁美洲远离战火，因而国内外史学界在对二战史的研究中对拉丁美洲关注不多。在对战时美国的战略研究方面，也未对美国的拉美战略与政策进行过专门的个案分析与探讨。而在战时美国的安全战略视角中，拉美地区是重要的一环。在美国决策者的眼中，拉美是美国本土安全的一道屏障，在二战期间，美国在战略上高度重视拉美的安全并实施了积极的政策。本文力图从历史的真实出发，来阐明二战期间美国拉美战略与政策的制定、执行情况，揭示其特点、实质、影响，从而总结出一定的经验教训，文章分成四个部分来进行论述。 第一部分是引言，简明地阐述了探讨战时美国拉美战略与政策的理论及现实意义，简要回顾了美国拉美政策的演变，并指出拉丁美洲在战时美国的安全战略框架中居于一种基础战略地位。 第二部分着重论述了太平洋战争爆发前美国的拉美战略与政策。面对纳粹势力在拉美的全面渗透，美国及时采取了积极的防范措施，并由最初的中立政策逐渐向公开反德过渡。与此同时，呼吁拉美各国与美国进行防务合作且初见成效，并力争到巴西参与美洲的共防务，这标志着美国构建美洲共同防务体系的努力取得了可喜的成果。 第三部分主要论述了太平洋战争爆发后美国拉美战略与政策的展开。太平洋战争的爆发加快了美拉防务合作的进程，在美国的努力下，除阿根廷外的所有美洲国家都不同程度地参与了美国主导下的美洲防务合作体系。在加强安全合作的同时，美国也采取各种有效的措施加强与拉美国家的经济合作，使防务与经济合作相辅相成，二者构成了战时美国拉美战略与政策的主旋律。在战争后期，美国从自身安全与国家利益出发，重修与阿根廷的关系，并巩固与加强了泛美体系，赢得了对战后美洲事务的支配权，奠定了其在美洲的霸主地位。 第四部分对战时美国的拉美战略与政策进行了评价，指出其特点，分析其对二次大战进程与战后美拉关系的影响，力求使我们对战时美国拉美战略与政策构成全景视野和整体透视。 在结语当中，结合战时美国拉美战略与政策的制定与推行，指出于国家而言，其战略与政策的制定、实施最根本的是为了保护与增进国家利益。
During the Second World War , because Latin America was far away from flames of war, the domestic and international historiography circle did not pay close attention to Latin America more. In relation to the American strategy study in the wartime, the scholar did not analyse and explore specializely on the America" s Latin America strategy and policy. But in the visual angle of security strategy of U. S. A. , Latin America was an important ring . In the eyes of American policymakers , Latin America was a shelter to American safety. During the Second World War , the United States has paid close attention to the security in Latin America and implemented the positive policy on strategy. This article tries to expound America" s Latin America strategy and policy through the historical real situation how it laid down , how it carried out and to reveal its characteristics , essence and influence then to summarize out certain experience and lessons, The article is divided into four parts and described .The first part is foreword , in which explains concisly probing the theoritical and realistic significance of America" s Latin America strategy and policy in the wartime, reviews the development of the America" s Latin America policy briefly , and points out that Latin America occupies a kind of basic strategic position in the frame of security strategy of U. S. A. during the Second World WarThe second part expounds America" a Latin America strategy and policy before the Pacific War broke out. In the face of the overall infiltration in Latin America of Nazi force, U. S. A. has adopted the positive precaution measures in time, changed its policy from neutrality initial to open against German gradually,Meanwhile, called upon the Latin American nations to cooperate on defence together America and win initial success, and strived to go to Brazil to participate in the inter-American common defence system, which marked the stuggle of American building inter-American common defence system has acquired gratifying achievements.The third part mainly discusses how America" s Latin America strategy and policy set off after the Pacific War . The Pacific War accelerated the course of defence cooperation between America and Latin America. Under the effort of U. S. A. , all nations besides Argentina took part in American defence cooperative system in varying degrees which dominated by America .While strengthenning security cooperation, U.S.A. adopted various kinds of effective measures to strengthen the economic coopation with the Latin American countries too, caused defence and economic coopration complement each other, the two have formed the chief melody of America" s Latin America strategy and policy in wartime. At the later stage of the war , out of itself safety and nation interest , America rebuilt the relation with Argentina, Consolidated and strengthened Pan-American system, dominated the American aff irs after the War, and established its hegemony in America.The fourth part evalutes America" s Latin America strategy and policy during the Second War, It points out its characteristics, analyses its influence on the couse of the Second War and on the relations between America and Latin America after the Second War, Which in order to make us form panorama field of vision and whole analysis about America" s Latin America strategy and policy.In the conclusion, combining the formulation of America" s Latin America strategy and policy in the wartime , points out it is the essential aim to protect and enhance its national interest with regard to the formulation and implement of a nation" s strategy and policy.
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