论文标题:哲学史中的康德哲学主体性思想
A Study on Animal Words from Illocutionary and Cognitive Perspectives
论文作者 贡媛媛
论文导师 温纯如,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 外国哲学
论文单位 安徽大学,点击次数 314,论文页数 49页File Size2300k
2004-05-10论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_12410422/ 黑格尔;戏剧美学;情境;冲突;和解
Hegel;dramatic Aesthetics;circumstances;conflict;compromise
主体性原则是西方传统哲学的一个基本原则，这一原则萌芽于古希腊哲学，尤其是普罗泰戈拉和苏格拉底的思想。文艺复兴运动打破了中世纪神学一统天下的局面，带来了自我意识的一次大觉醒，为主体性原则在近代哲学中的重新确立创造了条件。笛卡儿是近代哲学的第一人，这一地位的获得源于他对主体性原则的重新阐释和确立。他以“我思”的不容置疑的可靠性，保证科学理论的确定性和合理性；以“我思”的审查作为其他一切之所以存在的前提。但是，上帝观念的引入削弱了“我思”的自明的确定性，表明了笛卡儿主体性原则的不彻底性。康德则在批判和继承笛卡儿的基础上，把主体性原则从认识论领域延伸到伦理学和美学领域，全面建立了主体性哲学体系。因而，康德的主体性原则具有了真正本体论的地位。一方面，康德主体性理论本身存在着不可摆脱的矛盾，而在现代西方哲学的发展中，并未得到解决，最终遭到后现代哲学的全面解构；与其他哲学家不同，马克思把他的主体性原则建立在实践的基点上，科学地揭示了主体性的生成、发展及其实质，彻底克服了西方主体性理论的抽象发展及矛盾。另一方面，康德的主体性理论亦蕴涵了一些真知灼见，例如：对“人”的深层次关怀、“知性立法”和“理性规范”之间的辨证关系等，这些都能够指导我们清楚地认识、分析和解决现代化过程中所遇到的问题。
The principle of subjectivity plays the role of a fundamental principle in traditional western philosophy .It originates in classic Greek philosophy, particularly the thought of Protagoras and Socrates. The movement of Renaissance revives the self-consciousness in a great extent. It also sets down the necessary condition for re-establishing the principle of subjectivity in western philosophy. Descartes is the most prominent figure in the modern philosophy. Such an academic position is in some sense due to his reinterpretation. In the view of Descartes, "ego thought" has its doubtless validity and the certainty and rationality for a scientific theory is assigned by "ego thought". The examination of "ego thought" is the pre-condition of other things before they acquire their reason of being. But, the introduction of concept of God weakens some obvious certainty of "ego thought", which suggests that the principle of subjectivity has not been thoroughly developed by Descartes. On the basis of criticizing and inheriting the past philosophy, Kant pushes the principle of subjectivity into the whole system of his philosophy, not only the realm of epistemology, but also the realm of ethics and esthetics. So Kant"s principle of subjectivity conies to hold the ontological position in real sense. On one hand, there are many contradictions in Kant"s theory, which are not resolved basically in the development of modern western philosophy. Ultimately, the principle of subjectivity is deconstructed thoroughly by postmodern philosophy. Different from other philosophers, Marx sets the principle of subjectivity on the foundation of practice, reveals scientifically the origin, development and nature of subjectivity, and overcomes the abstract trend and contradictions in the development of subjectivity. On the other hand, Kant"s theory of subjectivity implies some reasonable ideas, for example, the deep concern about human and individuals and the dialectic relation between the legislation of rationality and the regulation of reason etc, which can direct us to review, analyze and solve the problems that we encounter in the course of modernization.
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