论文标题:论刑事司法审查制度
论文作者
论文导师 胡常龙,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 法律
论文单位 山东大学,点击次数 100,论文页数 47页File Size2942K
2006-09-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_129779142/
criminal prosecution; review of criminal justice system; system conception
现代法治国家普遍确立了司法审查制度。司法审查制度是西方法治文明不断发展的产物，是法治国家的重要特征。刑事司法审查制度就是国家裁判机关通过事先和事后的司法审查活动，对侦查机关在侦查阶段实施的可能限制或剥夺公民基本权益的行为的合法性进行判断，从而将侦查纳入诉讼轨道，以保护公民权利。在侦查程序中确立司法审查制度是西方法治国家的普遍作法。而我国由于诸多原因没有确立司法审查制度，现行法中的诸多设计与司法审查观念严重背离，由此带来了严重的后果。 本文对司法审查制度进行了理论考察，对我国构建刑事司法审查制度作了理论上的探讨，提出构建我国刑事司法审查制度的基本构想。本文除引言和结束语外共分为六大部分。 第一部分，通过对司法审查制度的形成、历史渊源进行考察，得出司法审查制度是西方法治文明长期发展的结果，是法治国家的基本特征，是实现西方先进的法律理念的内在要求。司法审查制度是一种国家分权制衡，权力相互制约的一种法律制度，也是为个人权利受到国家权力强制侵犯时提供的一种救济途径。 第二部分，通过对司法审查的分析，引出了刑事司法审查制度的概念，内容，并对本文所论述的刑事司法制度的内容进行了理论界定，即对在侦查阶段，侦查机关对公民采取的强制性侦查措施应当受到司法审查，并对正当权利受到侵犯的相对人提供司法救济。 第三部分，分析了刑事司法审查制度应遵守的法律理念，即人权保障理念和权力监督、制约的理念、程序正义、正当理念和无罪推定的理念。 第四部分，比较分析了西方主要法治国家英国、美国、法国、德国及日本的刑事司法审查制度的内容，总结出其共同的特点即法官审查，采用令状主义原则和提供有效的司法救济途径并确立非法证据排除规则。 第五部分，论述了我国确立刑事司法审查制度的必要性和可行性。指出我国现行的审查控制是侦查机关内部审查和检察机关外部控制的方式，法院不介入到侦查中，不是完全意义上的司法审查。由于缺乏真正的司法审查制度，带来了滥用强制措施、超期羁押、刑讯逼供等严重后果，犯罪嫌疑人的正当权利得不到保护。因此为了保障人权，贯
As the product of development of western law civilization and the main character of the countries under the rule of law, judicial review system has been well established in modern countries under the rule of law. The definition of review of criminal justice system indicates: through prior and after judicial investigation, the senior umpire institution can judge the validity of possible restriction or depriving of citizens" basic rights enforced by the detection institution in the process of detection so as to protect citizens" rights. In western countries, it is a common practice to set up judicial review system under the detection procedure. However, in China today, we still have not established judicial review system. Some projects in present laws go against the idea of judicial inspection.The purpose of this thesis is to bring forward the basic concept in establishing the review of criminal justice system in our country through detailed theoretical investigation for this system and thorough analysis of present laws in setting up this system in our country. This paper consists of six major parts except the introduction and conclusion.In first part, through investigating the formation and the history of the judicial review system, we can see clearly that judicial review system is the result of long-term development under law civilization, besides this, this system both can show the basic feature of countries under the rule of law and can realize the inner enquiry of western developed legal idea. Judicial review system is legal system which can restrict the connected rights and can provide rightful judicial relief measures when personal rights are infringed by nation"s rights.In second part, through analyzing judicial inspection, we get the definition and the content of review of criminal justice system. Then we define the content of judicial review system, that is to say, during the process of detection, compulsory measures for detection to citizens made by detection institution should be examined by judicial review.The third part mainly analyses the legal ideas which review of criminal justice system must follow, they are protection of human rights, authority surveillance restriction idea, concept of the presumption of innocence and procedure justice ideaThe forth part contrastive analyses the contents of review of criminal justice system
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