论文标题:我国海空立体救助指挥体系研究
Research on Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue Commanding System of China
论文作者
论文导师 高德毅；尤庆华,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 载运工具运用工程
论文单位 上海海事大学,点击次数 104,论文页数 59页File Size3074k
2005-06-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_132235062/
Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue; FMEA; commanding system
随着航运业的迅猛发展,船舶海上交通事故也连续不断,给海上人命安全和海洋环境造成了极大的危害。海上搜救工作是避免或减轻海难事故危害的最后的也是最直接的手段,可以说是保障海上安全的“最后一道防线”。其中,海空立体救助自其出现以水就以其具有快速性及高效性而得到了各航运大国的广泛重视。 2003年3月15日中国上海高东海上救助机场正式投入使用,这标志着中国已经具备了海空立体救助能力。但是与发达航运国家相比,我国目前的海空立体搜救能力与手段还存在较大的差距。 我国对海空立体救助的理论研究尚处于起步,整个系统还有许多不完善和不成熟的地方,而救助指挥系统是海上救助的“神经中枢”,其运行状况直接关系到救助的成败。因此对我国海空立体救助指挥体系进行研究,从而在理论上支撑和丰富海空立体救助体系,具有较为重要的意义。笔者拟从分析我国海空立体救助体系入手,对我国现有的海空立体救助指挥体系进行评估,最终提出完善我国海空立体救助体系的建议,以提高我国海事管理水平。 本论文前两章首先介绍了海空立体救助的重要性及其优越性,并详细阐述了国内外海空立体救助的现状与发展;接着主要介绍了我国海空立体救助的指挥体系,包括各级指挥机构的职责划分、救助流程等,在此论述基础上,笔者指出我国海空立体救助指挥体系中存在搜救单位行动不协调、立法不完善等缺陷。 笔者在本论文第三章中借鉴了国内外其他各个行业(包括地震、消防等)的应急指挥体系,指出:我国海空立体救助指挥体系应具备“快、准、网”的特点;除了应将海空立体救助指挥体系分成不同功能模块之外,我国还应在全国沿海建立较为密集的指挥技术系统和通讯系统以及功能完善的应急技术系统。 本论文第四章首次运用安全科学的基本原理分析了海空立体救助体系中的“人—机—环境—控制”系统,在结合指挥科学的原理基础上划分出了海空立体搜救的各个阶段,并首次运用FMEA法对我国的海空立体救助指挥体系进行了评估,以尝试弥补国内对该方面理论研究的空缺。 本论文最后从法规、人力资源、技术等角度提出了一些提高我国海空立体救助能力和效率的建议,以完善我国的海空立体救助体系:加强搜救立法建设;加强搜救指挥网络建设;加强搜救指挥队伍建设;加强智能化海空立体救助指挥体系的建设等。
With the swift development of shipping industry, the maritime accidents also happen successively, which have caused great danger to human life and marine environment. The search and rescue work is the last but the most direct means to avoid or lighten perils of the maritime accident, and can be said to be the "last line of defence" to ensure the maritime safety. The Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue attracts attention of some shipping countries with its speediness and efficiency since it appears.The Gaodong Maritime Salvage Airport of Shanghai has been in operation formally since March 15, 2003, which indicates that China has already possessed the ability of Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue. But at present, there are still great disparities in the abilities and means of Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue between China and developed countries.The research on the Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue of China started not long ago, and the whole Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue system still has a lot of imperfect and immature aspects. The search and rescue commanding system is the " nerve center " of maritime salvage. Its operation conditions directly concern the success or failure of salvage. Therefore, it is of great importance to study the Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue commanding system of China and then to guide the Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue practice in theory. The author plans to start with analyzing the Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue of China, to evaluate the present Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue commanding system of China, and finally to put forward suggestions for improving it, thus improving the management level of maritime affairs of our country.In its former two chapters, the paper firstly introduces the importance and advantages of Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue, and introduces the current situations and developments of domestic and overseas Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue in detail; then it primarily introduces the Aeronauticaland Maritime Search and Rescue commanding system of our country, includes the partition of the duties of all commanding organizations and the procedures of SAR, etc., based on which, the author points out that there are limitations on the coordination of the SAR organizations and the legislation about our Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue commanding system.The author draws lessons from emergency commanding system of domestic and overseas else industries (including earthquake, fire control etc.), and points out: our Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue commanding system should be "fast, accurate, network"; besides dividing the Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue commanding system into different function modules, we should also set up comparatively intensive commanding technological system and communication system, and advantageous technological system of emergency.The chapter four of this paper applies the basic principles of safe science to analyze the " Man-Machine-Environment-Control System " of the Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue system for the first time, divides the Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue into several stages by using the principles of commanding science, and makes use of the method of FMEA for the first time to detailedly analyze our Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue commanding system, in order trying to fill in the blank in such theory field in China.The last chapter of this paper offers some proposals for improving the abilities and efficiency of our Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue in terms of regulations, human resource, and technology, etc. to improve the Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue of our country: to strengthen the SAR legislation; to strengthen SAR networking construction; to strengthen the building of SAR commanding officers; to strengthen the construction of intelligent Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue commanding system, etc.Shen Qi (Navigation) Directed by Professor Gao Deyi and Associate Professor You Qinghua
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