论文标题:成年人监护制度研究
The Prediction Analysis of Chengdu Residential Demand
论文作者 范新天
论文导师 陈苇,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 民商法学
论文单位 西南政法大学,点击次数 108,论文页数 58页File Size3239k
2005-04-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_132507942/ 对外贸易调查;国内产业;贸易秩序;反倾销;贸易壁垒
foreign trade investigation; domestic industry; trade order; anti-dumping; trade barrier
成年人监护制度是一项重要的民事法律制度,它通过对缺乏自我保护和自我生活能力的成年人进行监督或照顾来维护其合法权益,为行为能力欠缺的成年人实现民事权利提供合法途径。但是,传统民法设计的的成年人制度是以剥夺受监护人行为能力,接管受监护人自治地位为前提的禁治产和准禁治产宣告制度,它全面剥夺或限制了被宣告人在宣告期间内在所有领域的所有法律行为,在成年人存在精神残障时,过于限缩本人自我决定的机会,忽略本人残余的行为能力的存在,不利于加强对本人的利益的最佳保护。而且,随着社会、经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,人均寿命大为提高,人口老龄化逐渐成为世界性的社会问题。但高龄者的判断能力是随着年龄的增长遂渐衰弱的,而在传统的成年人监护制度在设计上,只有禁治产与准禁治产宣告两种标准,有欠弹性,不适用于老龄人。基于这一理论基础,为了迎接老龄化社会的到来,加强对判断能力衰退的限制民事行为能力人、无民事行为能力人的保护,从20世纪60年代以来,欧美等国和日本已先后在成年人监护领域进行了大规模的法律制度改革,在废止禁治产宣告制度的同时,配合各国的实情,吸收“保护知能障碍者本人”、“尊重本人的自己决定(自律)权”及“维持本人生活正常化(normalisation)”等新理念,修改并制定了新的成年人监护制度。新制度重视对被保护人人身的照顾以及本人在日常生活中的自主决定权,以保护制度取代了传统民法上的禁治产宣告制度,建立起以充分尊重被保护人人权,维护被保护人应有的自治地位为核心的协助照顾制度。它所体现的是二十世纪先进的立法趋势,更有利于维护受保护人的利益。 我国有关成年人监护的立法主要见于民法通则之中,但囿于通则体例自身及通则制定时社会生活条件与认识水平的局限,现行的成年监护制度难以面对许多新现象的产生和与国际法律制度接轨的趋势,随着高龄化社会的到来以及维护身心障碍者人权观念的深入人心,成年人监护制度的改革已势在必行,关注他们的生存状况,维护他们的基本人权,取得私权保护与社会稳定的平衡就成为本文的写作目的。 本文约4万字,分为四个部分。 第一部分:成年人监护制度的基本理论。从监护制度的历史发展入手,详细论证了现代成年人监护制度的发展趋势和特点是(1)以人为本,尊重本人的自己决定权,尽力维持障碍者生活的正常化,以期发挥本人的“尚存能
Adult guardianship system is a important civil legal system, it passes , protect for lacking self supervise or accommodate maintenance with the adult of self viability, its legal rights and interests offer legal channel for the adult of behavior ability shortcoming to realize civil right . now, foreign guardianship system is carrying out a new transform: in the person field under age, have gotten rid of the right trace of the head of family further, will kiss right development is a kind of is the accommodation right of core with son female best benefit principle; in adult field, begin attention for have been protected everybody the accommodation of body as well as I in the autonomous power to make decisions in daily life, with protect system replace traditional civil law on prohibit treat produce announce system and establishment from with respect quilt fully guardian human rights is the modern guardianship system of core. Our country see mainly concerning the legislation of adult guardianship in the general rule of civil law, is but more limited than the style self of general rule and the establishment of general rule social life condition and the limitation of horizontal knowledge, current adult guardianship system is hard to face a lot of new phenomenons produce with conform with the law system of international law tendency, melt along with longevity the arrival of society as well as the maintenance obstacle human rights of body and mind the thorough popular feeling of idea, adult guardianship system reform have been imperative , pay attention to their survival condition and their maintenance basic human rights, get personal right protect become the writing purpose of this paper with social steady balance.This thesis consists of four parts, about 4,0000 words in total.The first part is on the fundamental theory of the adult guardianship system. The research starts with the historical development of the system, and then demonstrates in detail the trend and features of modern adult guardianship system as follows:(a) Concentrating on common human needs by emphasizing the right of self-decision by the ward and right to maintain a normal life by his "remaining capacity";(b) Changing from traditional guardianship system emphasizing property rights protection into a new guardianship system paying equal attention to personal rights and property rights protection; and(c) Constituting a part of social welfare policy, in unseparated connection with other system of social security and insurance (including medical assistance, nursing, elderly support, etc), and outgrowing a civil law system totally nowadays.The second part is on comparison and analysis of the adult guardianship systems in countries belonging to two major legal families. Through examining and analyzing the adult guardianship legislation in countries such as Germany, Japan, Great Britain, USA, etc. , this part finds that some common features are showed in whether the abolishment of interdiction declaration system in continental legal family, or the development of continuing power of attorney system in the common law family. Such common features are: establishment of the adult guardianship system with optional guardianship as its main, statutory guardianship as its supplement, and personal care and health care as its important part, and strengthen of intervention by public power.The third part is on the main content and the shortcomings of the adult guardianship system of China, in combination with the reform of adult guardianship system abroad. Such shortcomings are pointed out: outdated legislation ideas, nonscientific structure of legislation file, oversimplified provisions, limited scope of subject, simple guardianship methods, imperfect supervision system, and ambiguity in rights and obligations.The fourth part is on the reform and improvement of the adult guardianship system of China. Firstly, legislation ideas should be reformed by establishing new ideas such as " respectingself-decision by the disabled" , "maintaining a normal life of the disabled" , and
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