论文标题:批判性思维理论及其测评技术研究
The Use of Biomechanica Principles in Martial Arts
论文作者 罗清旭
论文导师 杨鑫辉,论文学位 博士,论文专业 基础心理学
论文单位 南京师范大学,点击次数 142,论文页数 216页File Size9881k
2002-04-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_133713162/ 批判性思维;批判性思维理论;批判性思维测评;心理技术学;批判性思维教育
Critical Thinking;Critical Thinking Theory;Critical Thinking Assessment;Psycho-Technology;Critical Thinking Cultivation
本文在系统分析已有批判性思维理论和测验的基础上，提出一种综合性的批判性思维理论，在测评方法上另辟蹊径，试图发展一种以模糊综合评判为基础的批判性思维测评新技术。整个研究分为7个部分： (1)批判性思维研究历史分析。不仅研究了20世纪批判性思维运动的历史发展轨迹，而且将批判性思维研究的历史往前追溯，对它的早期哲学形态做了概括与分析。 (2)批判性思维理论研究。将芜杂的批判性思维理论按5个不同维度加以分类和梳理，将它们分为：解决问题理论、技能理论、认知发展理论、信息加工理论、社会文化历史理论5大类。在分门别类的基础上，概括出当前批判性思维心理学研究中存在的一些悬而未决的主要问题。 (3)对批判性思维研究的质询。对批判性思维研究的后现代主义诘难和来自教学实践的质疑进行分析，并提出本文对这种质询的看法。 (4)批判性思维测验的现状与问题。具体分析了国外批判性思维测评的现状与问题，并选择国外两种有代表性的批判性思维测验工具进行修订。对国外批判性思维测评工具进行修订在国内尚属首次，修订工作为本文发展批判性思维测评的新方法奠定了基础。 (5)批判性思维性质的再认识。对批判性思维心理学研究中存在的主要问题做具体分析：将批判性思维确定为价值型非严格的自然性质术语；沿三个维度将批判性思维分为对他人的批判性思维与对自己的批判性思维、个体批判性思维与群体批判性思维、具体批判性思维与抽象批判性思维；在批判性思维的评价标准方面，提出德性标准与理性标准、显性标准与隐性标准、个人标准与群体标准、特殊性标准与普遍标准新概念。此外，具体研究了批判性思维与逻辑、语言、创造性思维的关系。 (6)批判性思维理论与测验的新替代。在前人研究的基础上，提出一种综合性的批判性思维心理学理论，突出了批判性思维的情感道德维度和它与背景知识的关系，并根据该理论试图发展一种以模糊综合评判、计算机网络为基础的批判性思维测评新技术，且对此测评技术做了探索性实验研究，初步确定了批判性思维模糊综合评判测评技术的恰当任务形式，筛选出批判性思维模糊综合评判的指标体系。 (7)中国的批判性思维传统与发展批判性思维的文化障碍。对批判性思维运动的中国文化传统和在中国发展社会成员批判性思维的文化障碍进行分析，提出德性批判性思维和理性批判性思维两个新概念，并指出源于东方文化的德性批判性思维与源于西方文化的理性批判性思维存在相互融合的大趋势。
This dissertation puts forward a synthetic theory of critical thinking and develops a new assessment method of critical thinking based on fuzzy synthetic judgment, following by systematically analyzing the theories and test methods of critical thinking which have been developed by other psychologists. Seven parts are included in the dissertation.Part one: history of critical thinking research. The dissertation not only overviews the history of critical thinking research movement in 20 century, but also analyzes philosophical views about critical thinking before then.Part two: psychological theories of critical thinking. Based on five different dimensions, the critical thinking theories are divided into five groups. They are problem-solving theory, skill theory, cognitive development theory, information processing theory and society-culture-history theory. By analyzing main points of the five groups and as compared them with each other, the dissertation concludes some important problems which need be researched hi critical thinking study field nowadays.Part three: inquiry on critical thinking researches. The dissertation analyzes the challenges to critical thinking movement which comes from postmodernism and instructional field, and point out how we should deal with the inquiry well.Part four: the state and problems of critical thinking test. The dissertation systematically analyzes the state and problems of current critical thinking test, and chooses CCTST and CCTDI as study samples. They are revised. The revision of CCTST and CCTDI Chinese version includes translation and test, the results are reported.Part five: the reappraise of critical thinking researches. The dissertation studies the main problems which need be resolved hi current critical thinking research field, suggests that "critical thinking" is a valued non-strict natural term, divides the critical thinking into three important groups following three dimensions, and creates several conceptions about critical thuiking judgment standard and analyzes the relationships among critical thinking, logic, language, and creative thinking as well.Part six: a new alternative of critical thinking theory and assessment. The dissertation bring up a synthetic theory of critical thinking which emphasizes on emotion dimension of critical thinking and its" relationship with contextual knowledge. Underlying the synthetic theory, the dissertation develops a new critical thinking assessment method which based on the fuzzy synthetic judgment and computer technology and reports the some results which come from the exploring experiment.Part seven: cultural tradition and cultural barrier of cultivating social member"s critical thinking skills in China. The dissertation studies the cultural tradition and cultural barrier, and puts forth that morality and reason critical thinking conception that comes from different culture will combine into one.
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