论文标题:敦煌莫高窟北区出土蒙古文文献研究
The Mongolian Documents from the Northern Area of Dunhuang"s Mogao Caves
论文作者
论文导师 郑炳林；樊锦诗,论文学位 博士,论文专业 历史文献学
论文单位 兰州大学,点击次数 409,论文页数 219页File Size17162K
2006-10-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_13426142/
自1988年至1995年，敦煌研究院考古研究所组织专业人员对莫高窟北区石窟进行了全面而系统的考古发掘，获得汉文、西夏文、回鹘文、藏文、梵文、蒙古文、八思巴文、叙利亚文和婆罗迷文等多种民族文字文献。其中，西夏文文献、叙利亚文文献、蒙古文文献和八思巴文文献，均为藏经洞出土文献中所未见，故具有重要学术价值。 至于蒙古文文献，据介绍，“在莫高窟北区的十三个石窟出土了回鹘蒙古文文书52件，另外还出土回鹘蒙文文书碎片17片。在三个石窟发现八思巴文文书6件，另外还出土八思巴文文书碎片4片。”这些蒙古文文书的发现，正如彭金章先生所说“对敦煌吐鲁番学和蒙古学均是一项填补空白性的工作，意义重大。” 本文在前人研究的基础上对现已刊布的莫高窟北区出土51件蒙古文残文书进行了较为深入的研究。全文由导论、本论、结论三部分组成。具体内容如下： 导论对敦煌莫高窟北区蒙古文文献出土情况、前人的研究、基本内容以及本次研究的目的、方法、论文的大体结构等问题作了说明。 本论是全文的核心，由世俗文献和佛教文献两部分组成。其中，世俗文献论述了41件残文书，尤其对特征比较鲜明的5件文书进行了较为深入的研究，基本搞清了这些文书的来源、性质、历史背景以及一些相关细节；佛教文献论述了10件残文书，其中重点研究了4件佛经残片。内容涉及到这些蒙译本佛经的年代、传承以及今人的整理情况等。 在研究方法及体例方面，首先，从历史学、文献学和蒙古古文字学的角度对每件文书的性质、年代、历史背景等问题进行了周密的考释，其次，以嘎日迪先生的释读文为基础，增补、订正其疏漏与错误，并重新对51件残文书进行了释读、拉丁字转写、翻译与注解。 结论部分从论文的主要创新点、论文的局限和不足等几个方面对本次研究作了一个简短的总结。 敦煌莫高窟北区出土蒙古文文献全部为残页碎片，手写本世俗文书居多，内容包括官方文书、契约文书、格言诗、书信、习字等。文书时代，有早有晚。时代早者属于忽必烈汗执政时期，时代晚者为北元初期，时间跨度近百年。这些文书较为全面地反映了元代敦煌一带地区的政治、经济、文化和社会情况，从而为研究蒙元时期的敦煌历史，提供了新资料。虽然佛教文献仅占很小的一部分，但这些文书中，有不少属于前所未见的发现，如《因明入正理论》、《佛顶尊胜陀罗尼经》等在吐鲁番和黑城出土蒙古文文书中所未见，具有很高的学术价值。
From 1988 to 1995, the Archeological Research Institute of the Dunhuang Academy organized personnel for the archeological excavation of all the caves in the northern area of the Mogao Caves at Dunhuang in Gansu province. The project unearthed a large number of manuscripts written in different scripts, including page fragments in Tangut, Syriac, Uygur-Mongol and "Phags-pa scripts, all of which had not been seen in the manuscripts from the famous Library Cave (or Cave 17). As for the Mongolian documents, 70 or more page fragments of Uygur-Mongol and "Phags-pa scripts were discovered from 13 caves in the northern area. Although these are not complete, these fragments are an important discovery, because, as Prof. Peng Jinzhang, a researcher at the Dunhuang Academy, said, "they fill a gap in Dunhuang-Turfan Studies and Mongolian Studies, and from the perspective of Mongolian script manuscripts, these are entirely fresh materials." This dissertation endeavors to give a new interpretation of 51 medieval Mongolian fragments, which were first read by Prof. Gardi at Inner Mongolia Normal University, on the basis of the photographs published in 2004 by Prof. Peng Jinzhang. The work consists of the following parts: The first part, "Introduction", provides a survey of the Mongolian documents found in the northern area of the Dunhuang Mogao Caves and explains the purpose and perspective of this approach. The second and third parts are the main body of this dissertation. The second part, "Civil and Official Documents", covers 41 page fragments, with the main focus on 5 of them with distinctive characteristics, which are 1) a Mongolian script fragment of juridical content; 2) a contract in the Uyghur-Mongolian script; 3) a Mongolian script fragment of the manuscript order ("word") issued by Kedmen Baγatur; 4) a Mongolian script fragment of Prince Ratna(s|ˇ)r(?)"s (Aradna(s|ˇ)iri) edict (ling(?)i); 5) a Square Script fragment of Sonom Gara"s Mongolian version of Sa-skya Pandita"s Treasury of Good Sayings. The third part, "Buddhist Texts", deals with 10 page fragments, including 1) a study of the fragment of a xylograph edition of the Mongolian Bodhicary(a|^)vat(a|^)ra, different from, and probably earlier than, the famous Daidu print of 1312; 2) a similar study of the fragment of a Mongolian script manuscript of the Mongolian translation of the canonical Heart Sutra (Praj(n|~)(a|^)-p(a|^)ramit(a|^)-hrdaya-s(u|^)tra); 3) identification of a fragment of a printed Mongolian translation of another Buddhist canonical text, the Ny(a|^)yaprave(?)a; 4) identification of a fragment of a printed Mongolian translation of Buddhist canonical text, the Sarva-durgati-pari(?)odhana-usnisa-vijay(a|-)-dh(a|-)ran(?). The fourth part, "Conclusion", is a brief summary of this dissertation. The Mongolian documents found in the northern area of Dunhuang"s Mogao Caves consist of fragments of manuscripts and some printed books, dating from the 13~(th). 14~(th) centuries. Needless to say, a find of documents which covers a vast range of topics such as that from Dunhuang"s Mogao Caves sheds new light on the history of the society, culture and language of the Mongolian-speaking peoples and their medieval cultural relations to their neighbors.
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