论文标题:精神利益的满足：解读人的全面发展的又一维度
A Simulative Study on the Combine of the Classical Test Theory and the Item Response Theory
论文作者 陈乐
论文导师 张澍军,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 马克思主义哲学
论文单位 东北师范大学,点击次数 281,论文页数 50页File Size2133k
2003-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_13568267/ 需要;利益;精神利益;人的全面发展
demand;benefit;the spirit benefits;the complete development of human beings
利益现象存在于人类社会生活中，无时无处不对作为主体的人产生巨大的影响。利益问题像一根中轴线，贯穿于人类活动和历史进程的始终。 马克思说：“革命的开始和进行将是为了利益而不是为了原则。”列宁也曾援引黑格尔的话说：利益推动着民族的生活。任何一个社会首先必须满足人们的物质利益的生活需要和要求。尤其是我国，作为一个社会主义国家，其生产目的决定了社会生产就是为了不断满足人民的物质利益和精神利益要求，从而为人自身全面而自由的发展打下良好的基础，这是社会主义社会的本质要求。就像江泽民同志在“七一”讲话中谈到的：我们建设有中国特色社会主义的各项事业，我们进行的一切工作，既要着眼于人民现实的物质文化生活需要，同时又要着眼于促进人民素质的提高，也就是要努力促进人的全面发展，这是马克思主义关于建设社会主义新社会的本质要求。我们要在发展社会主义社会物质文明和精神文明的基础上，不断推进人的全面发展。然而改革开放以来，国内理论界更多地注重了物质利益问题的探讨，在物质利益的功能、作用等诸多方面已达成共识，但对精神利益问题却未给予足够关注；对人的全面发展问题进行了多方面挖掘和认识，但还很少从精神利益的满足与人的全面发展的相互关系上进行全面而系统的探讨。 本文从精神利益的满足这一维度，试进一步解读人的全面发展问题。全文分为四个部分，即：一，精神利益的概念解读。这部分主要从需要、利益、物质利益、精神利益等的相互关系中阐明精神利益的独特特征及社会功能；二，人的全面发展的精神特征。从马克思关于人的全面发展的基本思想入手，挖掘了人的全面发展的精神方面的特征，据此提出了实现人的全面发展的又一途径——不断满足人们的精神利益；三，市场经济条件下精神利益格局的变化。理论的功能在于指导实践，阐述完精神利益与人的全面发展的基本思想后，本文结合当前我国的实际情况阐述了市场经济条件下的利益矛盾、利益冲突所引发利益格局的变化，并在深入分析这一变化的基础上提出了整合精神利益格局的必要性；四，整和精神利益格局促进人的全面发展。从发展教育文化、调整国家行政政策、加强公民道德修养等方面，对整合精神利益格局促进人的全面发展的具体途径作了初步探讨。以期通过此论述达到抛砖引玉之功并为精神利益与人的全面发展问题的进一步探讨提供些许的理论借鉴。
The phenomenon of benefit exists in human society, which has enormous influence on human beings every time and everywhere. The problem of benefit resembles as an inside stalk line, piercing through in the human activities and history progress.Marx said:" the beginning of the revolution with proceeding will be for the sake of benefits but not for the sake of principle." Lenin also cited Hegel"s words: "The benefit pushes the life of the race." Any society must satisfy the life of its people"s material benefits and their demands firstly. Particularly in our country, which is a socialism nation, its production purpose decides its social production is to satisfy its people"s material benefits and spirit benefits continuously. It is the basis requirement to develop one"s ability freely and comprehensively, it is also the essential requirement of socialism. As Jiang Zemin"s speak in "July the first" talking about: in developing various work of Chinese characteristic socialism, the whole work that we proceed should emphasize not only on material demand and culture demand that we require now but also on promoting people"s character at the same time, it is to work hard to promote person"s development completely, it is also the essential character of socialism developments of Marxism. However since the reformation, the local theories field has made a point of the study of the material benefits problem merely in the aspects of function, effect...etc. and already came to some common ground, but spirit benefits have not been given enough concern; We have acquainted ourselves with the complete development of human beings from many aspects but we seldom discuss the problem completely and systematic from the correlation between the content of spirit benefits and the development of human beings.This text try to further read the problem of the complete development of human beings from the degree of the spirit benefits. The full text is divided into four parts namely: first, the concept reading of the spirit benefits .The unique trait and social function of the spirit benefits areinterpreted in this part from the correlation of the demand, benefits, material benefits and spirit benefits; Second, the spirit characteristic of the complete development of human beings. The characteristic of the spirit about the complete development of human beings is illuminated thinking from the basic thought of Marx about the complete development of human beings and on the ground of it I puts forward to realize another path ofrealizing the complete development of human beings-satisfyingpeople"s spirit benefits continuously; Three, the altering of the structure of the spirit benefits under the condition of the market economy. The theoretical function consists in the directing fulfillment, after expatiating the basic thought of the spirit benefits and complete development of human beings, this text elucidating the changing of the structure of the benefit caused by the contradiction and conflict of the benefit under the condition of the market economy joining together the actual circumstance of our country at present and analyzing the necessity of modulating the structure of the benefit; Forth, modulating the structure of the spirit benefits and promoting the complete development of human beings. In this part we discuss the concrete path of realizing the complete development of human beings by adjusting the structure of the spirit benefits, for example, developing the education and culture, adjusting the national policy of administration enhancing the citizen"s moral accomplishment and so on. Expecting that I can do some good for the discussing problem of the spirit benefits and the complete development of human beings.
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