论文标题:文化哲学视野中的货币及其现代意义——西美尔货币哲学述评
Money of the Cultural Philosophy and Its Present-day Significance--A Review about the Philosophy of Money of Georg Simmel
论文作者 陈水勇
论文导师 刘传广,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 马克思主义哲学
论文单位 华南师范大学,点击次数 255,论文页数 49页File Size2265k
2004-06-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_13858202/ 货币;个体;自由;生命;个体性;文化悲剧
money;individual;freedom;life;the independent individuality;the tragedy of culture
在文化哲学的视野中，货币不单单是一种商品货币，它具有象征意义，它成了一种魔力，不但统治着物质世界，而且统治着个体的精神世界。货币充当了一种双重角色，它能同时支撑个体发展的两个不同方向。一方面，货币能使个体与个体之间的关系尽量客观化，能使个体的存在与具体实物财产相分离，还能使个体与个体之间的距离扩大。从而，本来最遥不可及的利益主体、联系媒介和理解手段都变得举手可得，个体的自由空间得到了最大限度的拓展，个体的自我也实现了扩展，个体的灵魂也获得了安宁和自由。另一方面，货币、货币经济和劳动分工，三者互相利用，互相促进，最终货币成了独裁者，不可避免地成为了个体心目中的上帝以及一切价值的公分母。货币凭借自己的特性(抽象性、客观性、统一性、可互换性、普遍有效性)给个体锻造了一种平均化、量化的价值取向的现代生活，导致个体迷失了真实自我，进而丢失完整自我，最后被全面异化。西美尔通过对货币纯粹的形而上的思维，揭示了一种现代社会普遍的人类困境——“文化悲剧”：生命与形式，主观文化与客观文化相互冲突。在货币经济大潮中，货币的强大效用是不可抗拒的。但我们可以像康德认识和限制理性那样去认识和限制货币，避免个体存在成为货币的附属品，使个体成为与货币不一样的一种全面发展的存在。
In the sphere of the cultural philosophy, money, which has symbolic significance, is not merely merchant currency, but also magic power. So it is able to control both of material world and spiritual world. Obviously money that acts as dual roles supports two different directions of individual"s development simultaneously. Firstly, money objectifies relations of individuals and separates the existence of individual from specific material possession and increases the distance between individual and individual. As a result that money makes the subject of interest, the medium of connection and the way of understanding, which are far, close. And it keeps individual"s soul peaceful by expanding the self and the spatiality of freedom. Secondly, in people"s eyes money becomes a dictator or God or a common denominator of all value unavoidably with interaction between money, money economy and the division of labor. The worst is that individual who is fully alienated finally easily loses real self and integrated self, living a modern life which is equaland quantitative and depends on money"s specific property-abstraction, objectivity,unity, fungibility and universal validity. All in all, Georg Simmel revealed a widespread predicament of the modern society with the purely metaphysical mode of expressing which belongs to money, including mutually conflicting between money and individual"s ideal existence, between life and form and between subjective culture and objective culture. In the trend of money economy, human can"t resist money. But human enables to prevent himself from being accessory of money by developing himself allroudly and understanding and confining money like Kant did that to reason.
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