论文标题:戴震人学思想研究
Study of Dai Zhen"s Anthropology
论文作者 仰和芝
论文导师 王向清,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 中国哲学
论文单位 湘潭大学,点击次数 153,论文页数 66页File Size291k
2002-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_14369852/ 戴震;天道论;人性论;认识论;人道论
Dai Zhen;the theory of nature;the theory of human nature;epistemology;the theory of humanity
戴震是十八世纪中国杰出的思想家。随着对戴学研究的深入，学术界对他思想诸多方面都进行了有益的探讨。但对戴震的人学思想缺乏系统性、完整性的研究。事实上，戴震的人学思想具有自己的特色和个性，且不乏深刻和独到的见解。天道论是戴震人学思想的自然哲学基础，人性论、认识论与人道论是他人学思想的基本内容。戴震在继承前人人性论的基础上，在坚持气一本论的自然哲学前提下，明确提出人性即“气质之性”的性一元论，把人性的内容归结为欲、情、知，并以此反对程朱的性二元论，在继承孟子性善说的基础上，扬弃了孟子论性的先天道德属性，对传统的性善论作出了别出心裁的解释，这一切体现了戴震对人生命的真正关怀。认识论方面，戴震坚持了从物到感觉到思想的唯物主义认识路线，明确了真理与意见之分，揭露了宋明理学“以理杀人”的实质，强调在认识过程中“破蔽”的重要性，试图把人从中世纪蒙昧状态下解放出来，高扬了人的主体意识。人道论方面，戴震对传统的一些道德名目进行了新释义，进而对程朱的“理欲之辨”进行了猛烈的抨击，表述了他自己“理者，存乎欲者也”的理欲观，最后他提出了“体民之情，遂民之欲”的社会理想，反映了广大人民群众对美好生活的追求。戴震的人学思想散发着近代人学思想气息，成为中国近代人学思想产生的理论先导。
Dai Zhen was a famous thinker in the 18th of China. Academic circles have paid great attention to his thought, but systemic and integrated research is seldom seen on his anthropology. In fact, Dai Zhen"s anthropology has his own characteristics and profound view. The theory of nature is natural philosophy basis of his anthropology, the content of his anthropology concludes the theory of human nature、epistemology and the theory of humanity. On the basis of inheriting former worthy thought and insisting on natural philosophy of Qi ontology, he clearly constructed his monism of human nature and thought the content of human nature concluded desire、feeling、knowing, by which he refuted Chen-Zhu"s dualism of human nature. On the basis of inheriting Mencius"s good human nature, he gave a unique interpretation to good human nature without innate morality of Mencius"s human nature. In view of the above, we can feel Dai Zhen"s showing genuine solicitude for human"s life. On epistemology, Dai Zhen insisted on the cognitive route from material to sensation and idea, differentiated truth from wrong, exposed the essence of Chen-Zhu Li Xue"s killing sb. with so called Li, and laid emphasis on the importance of eradicating wrong in the process of cognition. He called loudly out for human subject consciousness and tried to emancipate people from the state of unenlightened. On the theory of humanity, DaiZhen gave new interpretation to some traditional moral categories, he criticized violently Chen-Zhu"s debate between principles and desires of human beings and raised his opinion of principles existing in the desires of human beings. In the end, he raised the social ideal of giving every care to feelings of people and satisfying the desires of people, which reflected the people"spursuing glorious life. Dai Zhen"s anthropology aroused the birth of modern Chinese anthropology.
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