论文标题:中国煤炭产业组织研究
The Research on China"s Coal Industrial Organization
论文作者 纪成君
论文导师 南岳,论文学位 博士,论文专业 采矿工程
论文单位 辽宁工程技术大学,点击次数 92,论文页数 160页File Size7536k
2004-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_150720787/ 煤炭产业,产业组织,市场结构,市场行为,市场绩效,有效竞争,垄断竞争
coal industry,industry organization,market structure,market conduct,market performance,workable competition,monopolistic competition
能源是人类赖以生存的要素之一，没有能源任何现代文明都将无从谈起，经济、能源与环境的协调发展，是实现一个国家现代化目标的重要前提。本文在能源系统比较研究、论证煤炭在能源系统中地位和系统评价煤炭产业组织制度变迁的基础上，采用实证分析方法，深入分析了煤炭产业现实的市场结构、煤炭产业目前过度竞争的成因以及煤炭市场行为和市场绩效，研究了煤炭产业组织优化的目标模式和路径选择。 研究表明： 1．从各种不同形式能源的储量、探明状况、开采条件、现已形成的生产力布局以及能源系统实际运行的角度分析，煤炭在中国能源系统中占据着主导地位，并且，这一状况在可预见的未来时期内也不会有根本性变化。因此，煤炭产业的发展状况不仅决定着能源系统工作的好坏、关系到能源安全，而且也必然决定着国民经济能否实现全面、协调和可持续的发展。同时指出目前这种对乡镇和个体煤矿的过度依赖以及对国有大中型煤矿超强度开采的过度依赖对国民经济全面、协调、可持续发展十分不利。 2．基于判断一个产业向市场经济转轨程度的规则标准、行为标准和绩效标准，对煤炭产业向市场经济转轨的程度进行了评估：转轨期间煤炭市场总体上已经形成供大于求的竞争性市场环境，市场在决定煤炭产品价格以及调节煤炭企业生产行为(主要是产量)中已经发挥作用；不同产权形式主体对煤炭产业增长做出了较大贡献，但由于资源条件和制度因素、它们之间的竞争是不平等的；煤炭企业行为已经发生了一定变化，开始关注利润和自身的长远发展能力，但距离市场经济中企业的行为还相去甚远；整个产业的规模结构效率较低，大部分产量是规模不经济的煤矿提供的；产业效率指标总体上有所明显改善，但效益改善却不明显。 3．基于经济学理论和方法对煤炭市场总供给和总需求进行了分析，奠定了煤炭产业经济学的基本概念框架。 4．以实证分析方法对中国煤炭产业现实市场结构进行的分析表明，中国煤炭产业现实的市场结构属于典型的分散型，存在着严重的过度竞争，并进一步分析了煤炭产业过度竞争的成因。在此基础上，系统分析评价了煤炭产业市场行为和市场绩效。分散、过度无序竞争的市场结构导致煤炭企辽宁工程技术大学博士学位论文业行为偏差，企业采取粗放的生产与经营方式，其结果是资源极大浪费、安全状况恶化、效率极度低下、技术进步缓慢，产业的总体绩效差。 5.鉴于煤炭对于中国能源系统与能源安全、经济发展与经济安全的重要性，搞好煤炭产业、提高煤炭产业运行效率至关重要。为此，必须改善和优化煤炭产业市场结构，塑造有效竞争的以大企业为主导，大、中、小企业共存的垄断竞争的市场结构目标模式，在煤炭需求预测基础上，进一步研究了煤炭产业实现有效竞争的均衡·企业数量与规模安排和实现路径。 6.实现煤炭产业有效竞争的市场结构，提高煤炭产业运行效率和经济绩效，一方面需要规范煤炭产业的微观基础、提高煤炭企业‘的运行效率，另一方面需要政府针对能源系统和煤炭产业的实际情况制定系统、完善的产业政策和实施“渐进式”规制。为此，论文也研究了现代企业制度的运行机制(内在机制和外在机制)以及煤炭产业组织政策和政府规制的目标与煤炭产业组织政策的基本框架。
The energy resources are one of the key elements on which human being must depend. Modern civilization would have ceased to exist without energy. The coordinated development of economy, energy and environment is an important prerequisite for the modernization of a country. Based on the comparative study of energy systems, on the proof of position of coal in energy systems, and on the systematic evaluation of evolution of coal industry organization systems, the thesis adopts an empirical analysis approach to deeply probe the current market structure of coal industry, the cause of destructive competition of coal industry, the coal market conduct and market performance. The thesis also discusses the objective pattern and selection of means for the optimization of coal industry organization.Study shows that:1.Analyzed from the perspectives of deposits, verified state, mining conditions, current layout of production capacity, and practical operation of energy systems, coal plays a leading role in China"s energy systems. This situation will remain unchanged in the foreseeable future. Therefore, the development of coal industry not only determines the development and security of the whole energy systems, but also decides the comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development of the national economy. The thesis also points out that the over-dependence on the township and private coalmines and over-dependence on the over-extraction in the large and medium-sized state-owned coalmines are detrimental to the comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development of the national economy.2.Based on rule standards, conduct standards and performance standards, by which the degree of transition of an industry to a market economy is measured, the degree of transition of coal industry to market is evaluated: in the transitional process, a competitive market environment has been formed characterized by supply greater than demand for coal market as a whole. Market has played its role in determining coal product price and regulating production behaviors (mainly production quantity) of coal enterprises, main bodies of different ownership has contributed a lot to the growth of coal industry; however the competitions between them are unfair due to resources conditions and institutional factors. There have been some changes in coal enterprises" behaviors, profits and their own long-term development capabilities have been paid attention to, however it is far from the behaviors of enterprises in a market economy. The structure of scale of the industry is inefficient, a major part of production quantity is supplied by coal mines that do not have a economy of scale. Generally, industry efficiency quota has improved markedly, but improvement of benefit is not evident.3.Total supply of, and total demand for coal in the market is analyzed based on economics theory and methodology. A basic conceptual framework of coal industry economics has been established.4.Analysis of the practical market structure of China"s coal industry using empirical analysis methodology shows that the structure are typically disperse, coupled with serious excessive competition, and the cause of excessive competition is analyzed. On this basis, market conduct and market performances are systematically analyzed and evaluated. The scattered, excessive competitive and out-of-order market structure results in a deviation of conduct for coal enterprises. The enterprises adopt an extensive production and operation approach, the consequences are seriously wasted resources, deterioration of safety situations, extremely low efficiency, slow technological progress and bad industry-wide performances.5.In view of the importance of coal to China"s energy systems and energy security, to the economic development and economy security, it is extremely important to run coal enterprises well and to improve their operating efficiencies. To this end, coal industry market structure must be improved and optimized, an objective pattern of market structure is formed characterized
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