论文标题:试论清代乾隆年间嘉绒藏族地区改土为屯政策
The Analysis about the Policy of Stationed Troops in Jiarong Tibetan District in the Qianlong Period of Qing Dynasty
论文作者
论文导师 石硕,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 专门史
论文单位 四川大学,点击次数 180,论文页数 64页File Size2605K
2006-05-23论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_15137327/
Qing Dynasty; National Analysis; Qianlong Period; Jiarong tibetan; Stationed Troops; Minority Headman System
清代中央政权入关以后，在西南民族地区的统治上，继承了元、明两代的土司制度，以任命当地少数民族头领为土官的方式管理西南民族地区。在对西南地区边疆民族的管理上，清中央政府历来贯穿了其恩威并用的管理政策，一方面以恩笼络人心，一方面以威树立中央政令。在清代的边疆政策中，其恩威并用的方针是在恩与威的两极中不断因时而调整的。清代中期，随着清王朝统治的加强和军事政治实力的不断增长，中央在处理西南民族地区民族事务的过程中，更倾向于威的使用。历经雍正年间的改土归流，西南地区的土司体系受到了一定程度的打击。乾隆年间，随着嘉绒藏族地区杂谷事件和两次金川之乱的出现，对嘉绒藏族地区土司制度的改革被提上了日程。 随着中央王朝对杂谷事件和两次金川之乱的处理，对嘉绒藏族地区实行改土为屯的政策逐渐提出来。乾隆十七年，杂谷事件之后，清中央政府遂撤消了杂谷土司之职，将其地分别纳入直接管辖之中，设置杂谷厅，下辖杂谷脑等五屯以及松岗、党坝、梭磨和卓克基等四土司。首次将杂谷地区的土司制度进行了改革，设置了杂谷地区的五个土屯。乾隆四十一年，两金川战事结束，中央政府遂采取一系列措施，取消了大、小金川土司，在大金川地区设置阿尔古厅，在小金川地区设置美诺厅，并于四十四年将两厅合并为懋功厅。在取消大、小金川土司的同时，在其原来辖区设置了懋功屯、章谷屯、崇化屯、靖绥屯、抚边屯等五个汉屯和河东屯、河西屯、宅垄屯、八角碉屯、别思满屯、汗牛屯等六个土屯。 新的屯政的确立，瓦解了原来嘉绒藏族地区的土司体系。首先，在屯政下
After the Qing dynasty built its regime of the whole country, it inherited the system about Minority Headman of Yuan and Ming eras to manage minority regions of the southwest by appointing the leaders of minorities as regional officers. On the management of the border lands" minorities of the southwest, the central government of Qing dynasty always executed the policies of the mixture about benefaction and threat. On the one hand, it can get sufficient coherence, on the other hand, it can build up its stateliness.It also often adjusted the policy by balance the two aspects. In the middle of the era, along with the enhancement of the regime and the strength of the military and political affairs, in the process of the disposal of the minorities affairs, the central government inclined to use the means of threat. Attributed to the stationed troops in the Yongzheng period, the Minority Headman"s system of the southwest had been shocked in some degrees. In the period of Qianlong, because of the paddy event in the Jiarong Tibetan district and two times of the tempest in Jinchuan, the reformation of the Minority Headman"s system in Jiarong Tibetan district had been put into procedure.Along with the disposal of the paddy event in the Jiarong Tibetan district and two times of the tempest in Jinchuan, the policy of stationed troops in Jiarong Tibetan district had been put into procedure. In the 17th year of Qianlong period, after the paddy event, the central government repelled the position of Minority Headmen
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