论文标题:耐莉·丁在《呼啸山庄》中的角色
The Roles of Nelly Dean in Wuthering Heights
论文作者 林莹
论文导师 章少泉,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 英语语言文学
论文单位 江西师范大学,点击次数 241,论文页数 56页File Size1777k
2004-04-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_152388387/ 耐莉(?)丁恩,叙述,叙述角度,人物
Nelly Dean,narration,point of view,character
艾米莉·勃朗特(1818-1848)的《呼啸山庄》是最让人猜不透的英国小说之一。它有“我们现代文学中的斯芬克斯”之称。在对《呼啸山庄》所作的诸多文学评论中，人们关注的焦点似乎落在那些缺乏人性的方b面，即为什么小说中充满了出人意料又令人发指的仇恨，暴行，以及毛骨悚然的悲凉，恐怖。社会历史学派试图从作者的阶级压迫状况去解释，认为那是阶级对抗造成的不平等现象以及饥饿的四十年代的工人对它的激烈反抗；心理学派则从作者的性格和心理中去寻求答案，以为是艾米莉在发泄压制的情欲；形式主义者则认为它是一种词语和文体风格的综合效果，等等。所有这一切解释，尽管各有所得，却没有哪一种能赢得人们的普遍赞同。在中国，一些批评家分析它的复杂的叙述结构，有些批评家从内容方面探讨这部作品的现实主义和现代主义，有些批评家则从比较文学的角度来研究它，所有这些方法都取得了一定的成果。如今，小说仍跟以前一样强烈且神秘地吸引着无数读者和批评家。 本文的意图当也不在解决这些不同观点的争端，这是不必要的。本文仅仅是想从不同的角度去理解这部小说，并增加或扩大小说的可理解内涵。本文通过对耐莉这个人物的全面分析，从叙述学的角度，并结合自己的观点来探索耐莉在《呼啸山庄》中的作用与角色。大部分评论家对耐莉的评价和认识局限在她的叙述层面，认为她只是个客观的叙述者，故事的可靠见证者，在故事中也不过是一个忠实的女仆和管家。然而，在笔者看来，耐莉并不像大家所说的那样忠实可靠，她的叙述和她在两个家庭中的地位同样让人怀疑。小说故事主要The RO】es of Nelly Deanin肠the，勿g价烤内臼是通过凯瑟林的老仆人耐莉。丁恩讲述给一位住在画眉山庄的临时佃户洛克伍先生，通过他再讲述给读者。耐莉向读者展现了她记忆中的希克厉。作为故事的主要叙述者和参与者，耐莉在展示故事的时候起了非常重要甚至直接的作用。她通过控制洛克伍先生的思维从而控制读者的思维。她的观点贯穿于故事的始终，然而这些观点也影响读者对小说主题的理解。她希望读者相信她讲述的故事是真实可靠的。另外，她在叙述时所带有的偏见也随之而来，特别是对希克厉和凯瑟林的偏见，她无法理解希克厉和凯瑟林之间的爱。 耐莉在小说中起了双重作用，一是向读者提供似乎可靠真实的叙述框架;另外，又迫使那些对她的叙述和判断提出置疑的读者去研究和探索故事每一细节的可靠性。如果说希克厉是残忍的，那也是耐莉叙述下的残忍。在叙述过程中，耐莉对她所观察的一切进行戏剧性的猜测与解说，甚至进入了希克厉、凯瑟林及上帝的内心世界。耐莉这个人物本身也干预了故事的发展，作为故事中的一个积极的参与者，她按照自己的信念去做，按照自己的价值观念去判断好坏是非，去评判希克厉，有意识地排斥他。
Emily"s novel Wuthering Heights is a riddle to many readers and has a reputation of being a sphinx-like novel. The focus of existing criticism seems to lie in the themes of cruelty and horror and sorrow. The social-historical school tries to explain the novel from the point of class suppression during the author"s time; the psychological school tries to find answers from the author"s disposition and psychology; formalists regard it as an integral presentation of words and phrases, etc. Each criticism has its own feature and explanation. Therefore, it is difficult for critics to agree. In China, some critics study its narrative structure; some study its content and idea based on the modem or realistic point of view; some study it from comparative point of view. All achieves a lot in the study. Now, as it did before, the novel still attracts numerous readers and critics.The purpose of this paper is not to solve the problem of disagreement, since such an attempt would be unnecessary and impossible, but to find another point of view from which to understand the novel Wuthering Heights, to enlarge and enrich the connotation of the novel. My dissertation will develop my own ideas based on some materials of narrative theory to analyze the roles of Nelly Dean in Wuthering Heights. Most critics" evaluation on Nelly is limited to her narration, that is, she is an objective narrator, a reliable witness of events and a faithful housekeeper. However, Nelly is not so reliable and faithful, her narration and her roles in the two families are very doubtful. The story is told mainly by Nelly, Catherine"s old nurse, to Mr. Lockwood, a temporary tenant at Grange, and through him to the reader. She renders usHeathcliff from her memory. As a principal character and narrator of the story, Nelly has an active, even directive role in unfolding the events. She controls Lockwood"s thoughts and through Lockwood also controls the readers". Nelly"s point of view weaves through the whole story. Often her point of view also determines how well readers will understand the story"s theme. She has an obvious interest in the audience"s accepting her particular version of the story as truth. Nelly has her bias when narrating the story. She is especially unfair to Heathcliff and dislikes Catherine; she cannot understand the love between Heathcliff and Catherine.Nelly serves a double purpose not only to give a seemingly credibly realistic framework to the extraordinary story, but also to force the reader to evaluate every event for himself because he cannot trust her judgment. As an example, Heathcliff is cruel, that is to say , Nelly tells us he is cruel. Nelly does use guesswork, and interprets on the basis of what she observes, she guesses about the internal states and opinions of characters; she guesses about Heathcliff, Catherine, and God. Nelly"s character interferes with the story, too. She is an active participant in the story and acts on the basis of what she believes, introducing her concepts of good, evil, and Heathclifif"s character, into her words, she admonishes him pompously and rubs salt into his wounds.
|
