论文标题:量子力学模态解释及其方法论研究
On Modal Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics and Its Methodology
论文作者
论文导师 郭贵春,论文学位 博士,论文专业 科学技术哲学
论文单位 山西大学,点击次数 180,论文页数 212页File Size10276K
2006-06-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_15396942/
Measurement Problems; Modal Interpretation; Semantics; Metaphor; Context
量子力学的“测量难题”是物理学家和物理哲学家长期争论的焦点之一，也是科学哲学最热门的话题之一。自量子力学诞生以来，物理学家和物理哲学家为解决“测量难题”先后提出了正统解释、隐变量解释、系综解释、多世界解释、多心灵解释等多种理论，但是这些理论都不能完美地终止这一问题的争论。20世纪70年代，解决“测量难题”有了新的突破，并形成了一种全新的理论——“量子力学模态解释”(简称“模态解释”)。量子力学的模态解释给“测量难题”的解决提供了新的视角，给量子力学的解释注入了新的活力，为物理学哲学的发展开辟了新的方向。模态解释是“真正的哲学家对量子力学的理解”，被誉为“继正统解释、隐变量解释(理论)之后，最具发展前景的一种解释”。本论文旨在系统梳理和进一步完善这一全新理论并对其作全面、彻底的哲学分析。 本论文主要包括两大分析部分：“物理学诠释”和“哲学诠释”。上篇“物理学诠释”先用历史主义的观点剖析“测量难题”的来龙去脉及其带来的哲学问题，并简单介绍了由此引发的模态解释的背景和定义；再从哲学的视角阐述模态解释深层的物理学思想内核和理论框架；最后全面、整体地透视模态解释所勾勒出的新的量子图景，并在此基础上提出“模态是一种物理实在，概率是对模态的定量描述”的全新思想。下篇“哲学诠释”重点从方法论的视角对模态解释中所渗透的语言分析方法进行系统分析。语言分析方法是模态解释倍受青睐的核心与关键，论文重点分析了模态解释中使用的语义移植、隐喻介入和语境建构的本质、特征和意义，对“自然科学问题哲学解”和人文社会科学方法向自然科学渗透具有很大的启迪。 本论文的结论部分“结论与启示”从三个方面做出总结。第一个结论是在模态解释本体论层面上而言的，也是针对模态解释本身而言的，从本质上讲，模态解释必然走向新的模态实在论；第二个结论是在模态解释认识论层面上而言的，也是针对量子力学“测量难题”而言的，本论文论证并说明了对该问题的探索将成为一项开放的事业；第三个结论是在模态解释方法论层面上而言的，也是针对模态解释中的语言分析而言的，语义、隐喻和语境分析将哲学内涵和物理底蕴相统一，将自然科学方法和人文社会科学方法“真正”融合，并且这三种分析方法也是未来科学方法发展的很好方向。 本论文的理论意义和实际价值在于：第一，本论文是对“人类对微观世界‘测量难题’的最新认识与最新方法”的进一步完善与哲学分析。第二，本论文案例性地说明了“用哲学思维解决物理学问题”的认识论意义和方法论价值。第三，本论文为寻求科学与人文的融合提供了方法论的启迪。第四，本论文的研究预期为推动物理学哲学研究进一步向纵深发展起到抛砖引玉的功效。第五，本论文无论是对增添哲学学科、自然科学和社会科学的研究生的教学内容，还是拓展他们西方科学哲学研究的知识面，都具有十分现实的实用价值。
The collapse of wave packet is the core of measurement problems in Quantum Mechanics. It depicts the change before and after measurement, which is so discontinuous and undeterministic that measurement becomes an independent, crabbed and mysterious physical phenomenon. Modal interpretation is one of the interpretations that have the best foreground after standard interpretation and hidden-variables theory. P.E.Vermmas said, "Modal interpretations are in that sense true philosopher"s understandings of quantum mechanics". This dissertation will further develop this new theory and thorough analysis its philosophy.This dissertation has two main analysis parts: On Physics and On Philosophy. The first part "On Physics" tries to analyze the cause and effect of measurement problems, including its philosophy as viewed from historism. It expounds the main thought which hides after deep physics on the standpoint of philosophy. It also reviews the new physical picture of this new theory. The second part "On Philosophy" mainly explains the methods on methodology, which penetrate in modal interpretation. The linguistic analysis methods are in all along the interpretation so they are deemed to the keys in modal interpretation. Three obvious methods are discussed, which are semantics, metaphor and context, especially their essences, characters and significances.The last part of this dissertation "Conclusions" sums up the results of the parts before that. The first, only for "modal interpretation", is that modal interpretation will go forward to a new modal realism. The second, about measurement problems of quantum mechanics, is that the research for this problem will become an open work. The third is for linguistic analysis methods, from which we can find that semantics, metaphor and context blend in well with the traditional methods in natural science.The significances of this research are following. Firstly, this research is the philosophical analysis about the newest understandings and methods to measurement problems in micro world. Secondly, modal interpretation as a case explains that philosophical thought can settle physical problems. Thirdly, modal interpretation provides methodology enlightenment for amalgamation of humanism and scientism. Fourthly, the research is the sponsor, which will impulse these researches in this yield to deeper and profounder one. Lastly, this research has more important value for students and scholars majoring in philosophy of science and natural science.
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