论文标题:转型期城市贫困问题研究
The Research on Urban Poverty during the Period of Transformation
论文作者
论文导师 李亚雄,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 社会学
论文单位 华中师范大学,点击次数 33,论文页数 49页File Size2268K
2006-11-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_153978292/
Period of transformation; Urban poverty; Social security
改革开放以来，特别是进入90年代以来，伴随着经济体制的转轨和市场竞争的加剧，我国城市居民的贫富分化呈现出加速进行的态势。城市中确实有一部分居民率先富了起来，加入到富有者的行列，但同时也有相当数量的居民却处于相对贫困或绝对贫困的境况，沦为贫困层的成员。城市贫困人口因其来源广泛、数量渐多、影响面广而引起人们特别关注，成为当前我国社会转型期一个全新的社会问题。 首先，本文以发展理论的演变为出发点，指出贫困是发展中必须重视的社会问题。在借鉴和吸收国内外对城市贫困问题研究的理论成果基础上，文章揭示了贫困的外延和内涵，指出转型期我国城市贫困的特征；以对调查资料分析为基础，分析了转型期城市贫困的现状；详细阐述了转型期城市贫困对社会的影响，说明了解决城市贫困问题的必要性。 其次，本文认为转型期城市贫困的原因有社会外在致贫因素和贫困人口内在致贫因素。文章分析城市贫困的外在原因主要有历史原因、市场经济的挑战、国有企业改革和产业结构的调整和收入分配不公与社会保障制度不完善等；城市贫困的内在原因主要有家庭人口越多，就业面越小，陷入贫困的可能性越大，贫困发生率越高；就业者受教育程度越低，陷入贫困的概率越高；影响就业者收入的其它因素等。 最后，在转型期城市贫困的缓解对策分析中，借鉴国外反贫的基本对策与模式，构建了转型期城市贫困的缓解模式，分析了缓解过程以及将“内外结合、标本兼治”作为缓解模式的核心。主要从完善公共政策，加强政府宏观调控；完善我国的社会保障制度；加强政府及非政府组织反贫困主体建设，提高城市贫困主体自身素质，等三个方面提出了解决措施及应对方案。
Since the reform and open-door policy have been implemented, especially after 1990s, with the switch of the economic structure and the sharpening of the market competition, the division between the poor and rich city residents in our country is carrying on an accelerating posture. Part of the citizens indeed takes the initial to join the rich group while quite a few others stay in a relatively or absolutely poor situation, declining to a member of the class. Because of the wide resource, growing quantity and steeply influenced range, the poor citizens have aroused the special attention of the society and have been a brand new social problem during the society transformation period.Firstly, the paper begins with describing the development theory, then points out poverty is needed to be cared in development. On the basis of consulting and absorbing theories in which scholars studied the poverty problem, the author gives a detailed introduction of urban poverty and describes the present situation of urban poverty. The paper detailed discusses the influence of urban poverty to society.Secondly, there are two kinds of reasons leading to urban poverty: the outer factors and the inner ones. The outer causes rooted out in the paper are historical reasons, the challenge of the market economy, the reformation of the state-owned enterprises and the adjustment of industrial production, the unfair income allocation and the imperfection of social security system and so on. The inner causes are mainly that the more the family members are, the poorer the employment will be and the probability for the family to be poor will be greater; the less education the employee receives, the probability for him to be poor is larger; other elements influencing the employees" income etc.Lastly, in city impoverished alleviation countermeasure analysis of the reforming time, by assisted by overseas counter-poor essential countermeasure and the pattern, the paper constructs the reforming time city impoverished alleviation pattern, analyzes the alleviation process as well as takes "inside and outside unifies, treats the symptoms and the causes" as the alleviation pattern the core. This paper proposes the solution measure
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