论文标题:周代祝官制度考略
The General Researches of Zhu Guan System in Zhou Dynasty
论文作者 于薇
论文导师 许兆昌,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 中国古代史
论文单位 吉林大学,点击次数 77,论文页数 63页File Size1908k
2005-04-15论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_154347817/ 祝官;祝号;神职系统;地位变化
schema theory; culture schema constructing model; teaching practice; culture competence
祝官是以在各种祭祀活动中用言语祝号沟通神人为核心职能的官员,是周代神职系统的重要组成部分。本文对周代祝官制度进行了较为全面系统的考证和分析。 文章首先从祝官的起源入手,随后对祝官的体制、职能特征和地位变化进行了全面的考证和分析。首先对史料记载当中祝官的职名、职事以及官员的设置进行考证和梳理。之后将祝官的职能划分为“天”、“礼”、“政”、“武”四大部分,神职和民职两大层次。在此基础上,总结出祝官具有非常纯粹的神职性的职能特征。之后,在前面分析的基础上,文章对祝官在整个周代地位的变化进行了考察,认为纯粹的神职性是导致祝官地位由尊崇到低贱的根本原因。 文章最后将祝官的变迁放在整个周代文化发展的大背景下进行理解,认为祝官在周代八百年间身份的浮沉反映的并不仅仅是一类官员地位的变化,而是整个社会思想走向的体现,也是中国前轴心时代到轴心时代文化发展特点的一种反映。
Zhu Guan is the official whose main function is to communicate with the deity by special language, and it is an important post in deity system in Zhou Dynasty. The thesis makes a comprehensive study and analysis of the Zhu Guan system in Zhou Dynasty.In the preface, apart from the introduction of the situation of contemporary study of Zhu Guan in Zhou Dynasty, it mainly illustrates the age issue of the data quoted from the book of Zhou Li. Although the data quoted from Zhou Li stretch a long time span, as for Zhu Guan that we concerned, the data is quite reliable for the study of Zhu Guan in West Zhou (Xi Zhou) and Spring-Autumn period.The first chapter analyzes the originality of Zhu Guan. Starting from the font of character Zhu in oracle bone inscriptions and bronzy ware inscriptions, the author studies the basic meaning of the word Zhu from its originality, and combine with the knowledge of anthropology and racial study of the origin of Zhu Guan, the author believes that Zhu Guan, deriving from the Shaman who communicated with god in primeval society, then as an important post in deity system entered into national bureaucratic system and became specialized deity officials. At the final part of the chapter one the author makes a general analysis of Zhu Guan before Zhou Dynasty.The second chapter analyzes the Zhu Guan system. The author studies and makes clear the designation and function of Zhu Guan written in documentary, the appointment of Zhu Guan in dynasty and kingdoms, and the relationship between Zhu Guan of dynasty and that of kingdoms.The designation of Zhu Guan is consisted of Dazhu, Xiaozhu, Sangzhu, Dianzhu, Zuzhu, Nvzhu, Wuyizhu, Jiuxizhu and Yazhu, etc, some of which are national Zhu Guan, and some of which are regional Zhu Guan. They operatedtheir different functions in different situation. At the same time, the author makes a distinction between the designation of Gongzhu, Zhushi Zhuzong and Wuzhu, which always exist divergence in recognition.Zhu Guan performed total 22 functions in big sacrifice activities, such as use special language to communicate with deity and etc.As for the appointment, Zhu Guan worked in the level of the country, region and officials" home. The Zhu Guan in country"s level and in region"s level maybe exchanged ideas to some extent.The third chapter analyzes the function of Zhu Guan, which can be categorized into "heaven(Tian)", "rite(Li)", "politics(Zheng)" and "martial(Wu)". "Heaven" refers to the function of communicating with deity in various situations and activities in Zhou Dynasty; "rite" refers to the function of organizing ritual activity; "politics" refers to the duty of Zhu Guan as government officials; "martial" refers to the function to command the army. Among all these four functions, "heaven" and "rite" composed of deity system, while "politics" and "martial" composed of civil system.On the basis of the four categories, the author analyzes the characteristic of Zhu Guan"s functions^in deity system and civil system.In the deity system, the author makes a comparison between Zhu Guan and officials of Zong, Bu and Shi, who were of the same level in deity system with Zhu Guan. The characteristic of Zhu Guan"s functions are that they could communicate with deity; they had religious authority; the knowledge was exclusive to them; they used special language to communicate and it was religious activity. From these characteristic we could find out that Zhu Guan was in the central position in the process of communication between man and deity, and they had the right to communicate with deity with special language. His function was exclusive and cannot be replaced. The function of Zhu Guan was closely concerned with religious sacrificial activities. Zhu Guan"s knowledge and technique did not have much civil value, and they almost have
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