论文标题:美国西部矿业的浅层开采及其影响（1848—1878）
American Western Placer Mining and It"s Effect(1848-1878)
论文作者
论文导师 周钢,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 世界史
论文单位 首都师范大学,点击次数 160,论文页数 58页File Size4100K
2007-05-10论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_15539067/
American west;placer mining;gold rush;funtion and effect
美国西部的采矿业是美国西部开发的重要组成部分之一。淘金热是采矿业初始阶段即浅层矿开采的主要形式，它在美国历史上占有重要的地位。本文主要论述了自1848年到1878年这段时间内美国西部矿业开采的历史。以三次大规模的淘金热和淘金者的生活为中心，阐述了淘金热出现的背景、作用及其深远的影响。 全文共分三章： 第一章主要论述了三次大规模淘金热即加利福尼亚淘金热、内华达康姆斯托克淘金热、南达科他布莱克山淘金热各自出现的背景、特点及其淘金热概况。三大淘金热如星星之火，点燃了广大的美国西部。淘金热的出现，使得很少有外人涉足的美国西部出现了繁荣与喧闹并存，暴富与贫穷相对照的局面。 第二章主要考察了闻风踏来的淘金者及其淘金生活。重点从物质和精神两个层面上来管窥他们与众不同的生活，从而揭示出淘金地对每个人来说并非都是“变富的天堂”。 第三章主要运用两分法全面考察了淘金热的作用及其造成的深远影响。淘金热是一把双刃剑，一方面它为美国经济的发展插上了腾飞的翅膀，促进了美国工业化、城市化的发展和西部大开发等。但另一方面，它破坏了环境，导致矿业“鬼镇”大量出现。土著居民印第安人被驱逐、其土地被掠夺、印第安妇女遭侮辱等。一句话，淘金热对印第安人造成了致命的迫害。通过一分为二的方法给淘金热以客观和公允的评价。
American western mining is one of the most important events in American western exploitation. Gold rush is the main form in American earlier mining period. It occupies an important status. This paper is intended to discuss the early history of American Western mining, including from its foundation and early development to downfall(1848-1878). Based on this topic, the paper will focus on three large-scale gold rushes and the gold miners"living. The paper will illustrate their backgrounds, general conditions, functions and influences.The whole paper is to be divided into three chapters.Chapter one concentrates on three large-scale gold rushes of their emerging backglounds, characters and gold rush general conditions.The three gold rushes are California"s gold rush, Navada"s Comstoke gold rush and South Dakota"s Black hills gold rush.They develop very fast, as the old Chinese saying, "A single spark can start a prairie fire." They make the American west from a thinly settled area into a flourishing rumbustious region. The poor and the rich live in mining frontier at the same time.The second chapter mainly surveys the miners and their living in gold rush areas. The chapter has a restricted view about the miners" different living by material and mental life. It"s aim at revealing the fact that the gold rush place isn"t a heaven for each man.Chapter three discusses the funtion and effect of the gold rush by dichotomy. The gold rush is a two-edged sword. One hand, it gives a pair of awing wings for American economic development, on the other hand, it destories environment, leads to a lot of "ghost towns"arising. Aboriginal indians are driven away, their lands are deprived, indian women are ravaged and so on. In a word, indians are suffered the deadly persecution. By this way,we can give a fair external evaluation for the gold rush.
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