论文标题:政府和民众之中间地带：上海反日会个案研究
The Application Study of Task-oriented Teaching Model in Middle School English Classrooms
论文作者 李洪珍
论文导师 苏智良,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 中国近现代史
论文单位 上海师范大学,点击次数 383,论文页数 61页File Size4165k
2004-04-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_15582652/ 反日会,中间地带,民族主义,陈德徵
The Anti-Japanese Society,The Intermediate Region,Nationalism,Chentecheng
1928年5月，为阻止国民政府北伐，日本第三次出兵山东制造了济南惨案。中国民众的民族主义情绪高涨，有着较强自主性的上海民众尤其激烈，要求国民政府“严重对日”。而处于由革命党向执政党转变的国民党，因一意北伐决采对日和谈，但又不敢断然放弃“革命”的旗号，还是要慎重对待民众的民族主义情绪。基于此，国民党中央决定由各地市党部领导民众组织反日会抵制日货、经济绝交，试图把民众反目活动纳入指导范围：一方面可以维持秩序；一方面可以打击日本经济以利于谈判。于是，上海特别市党部召开市民大会，组成了包括市党部在内的21个团体为执行委员的“上海反日会”。随后建立组织机构，市党部占取指导地位，各民众团体参与执行，双方合作建设抵制日货的制度。据此，反日会开展了以宣传和“杯葛”政策为主的对日经济绝交运动并发起筹备全国反日会，取得巨大成绩迫使日商要求日本政府赶速和谈，加快了济南惨案解决的进程。然而，随着惨案的解决，以“扩张党权，巩固党基”为宗旨的市党部不愿民众再在反日会中发挥作用，并且国民党中央根据日本政府的要求命令改组反日会，于是反日会由一个完全为市党部控制的“国民救国会”所取代。然而，该会内部问题严重，1929年8月，国民党中央命令取缔。
In order to deter the Northern Expedition of the National Government, Japan made the Jinan Incident while intruding into Shantung thirdly on May 1928. Chinese people whose nationalism motion surged and was acute, especially, Shanghai civil having stronger autonomy, asked for the National Government to treat seriously Japan. Kuomintung that was converting from the revolutionary party to the ruling party, dare not desert Revolution banner decisive and had to cope cautiously with popular nationalism motion, because devoting itself to the Northern Expedition so that decided to negotiate with Japan. As a result, Central Committee of Kuomintung made up to let local party headquarters lead the common people to organize the Anti-Japanese Society to resist Japanese commodity and break off economic relations with Japan, and tried to fit popular Anti-Japanese actions into guiding range: on one hand, may keep to order; on the other hand, may retaliate Japanese economy to help negotiation. So, local party headquarters held civil congress and built up the Anti-Japanese Society of Shanghai that its executive committee comprised twenty-one group with Shanghai civil. Then, it established organizations in which Shanghai local party headquarters acquired guiding position but all of popular group participated. They cooperated to erect regulations of resisting Japanese commodity. According to the regulations, the Anti-Japanese carried out the movement to break off economic relations with Japan mainly including propaganda and Peike , also initiate to set up the Anti-Japanese of country. These work made remarkable achievement and forced Japanese merchants to require their government to negotiate with the National Government quickly, and accelerate the process about resolving the Jinan Incident. However, once the Jinan Incident being resolved, Shanghai local party headquarters that looked Expanding Party Power and Consolidating Party Base for principal aim, wouldn"t like to the common people continuing to bring play to affect, beside, Central Committee of Kuomintung order it to reorganize as the Anti-Japanese government"s demanding, so the Anti-Japanese was substitute for kuo min jiu kuo hui controlled thoroughly by Shanghai local party headquarters. But, because there had grave problem inside this organize, Central Committee of Kuomintung ordered to abolish it on August, 1929.
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