论文标题:清末民初甘肃的警政建设
A Sduty on the Police Administration of Gansu in Late Qing and Early the Republic of China
论文作者
论文导师 马明达,论文学位 博士,论文专业 中国古代史
论文单位 暨南大学,点击次数 258,论文页数 170页File Size9514K
2007-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_15876377/
Gansu;Police Administration;Late Qing and Early the Republic of China
本文主要考察清末民初近代警察制度在甘肃产生、发展、建立的过程及其实际效果。 甲午战争后，警政思想开始在晚清社会初步兴起。1898年湖南保卫局的创办，是近代中国人学习近代西方警察制度，建立警察机构，办理警政的开始；1900年庚子之变后，清廷开始在中央举办警政机构。这是近代中国警政的发轫。 1901年清廷参照西方体制推行新政。是年7月，清廷谕令各省裁汰绿营防勇，编练常备、续备、巡警等新军。但甘肃此时遵旨建立起来的“巡警”，其性质是军队而非近代意义上的警察。1902年9月清廷饬令各省督抚，照袁世凯奏定章程切实办理地方警政事宜。但直至光绪三十一年(1905年)，甘肃督抚大员并未做出遵旨举办警政的任何措施。其后，随着新政的不断推行，清廷设立巡警部，督办京师及各省警政建设。在清廷与巡警部的一再督促之下，甘肃不得不遵旨开办警政。光绪三十一年(1905年)11月，甘肃省城旧有保甲局被改为甘肃全省巡警总局。这是近代甘肃警政的开始。 辛亥革命胜利后，赵惟熙主政甘肃。赵惟熙主政期间，甘肃政局极形混乱，战乱频仍。清末已有的警政基础遭到破坏，警政弊窦丛生，状态涣散。袁世凯建立北洋政府后，以清末警制为基础，发布了大量的警察法规。这一时期，甘肃的警政建设主要即是在北洋政府的警政规导下进行。张广建主政甘肃期间，甘肃省会警察厅与全省警务处先后成立。白朗农军入甘后，张广建又督令各县普遍组建警备队。同时，民国初年，甘肃的警察教育也有了一定的发展。张广建主政期间，近代警察体制形式上在甘肃已建立起来。 但清末民国初，甘肃警政的实际成效相当有限。由于风气闭塞，民贫财匮，人才难求，清末民国举办警政滞碍重重。整体而言，清末民国初甘肃的警政建设形式虽已初步有成，但精神未有实至，且很快弊端滋生，当时为世所诟病不少。
The thought of police administration begun to spring up after Sino-Japanese War(1894-1895) in the society of Late Qing. The establishment of the Hunan Public security in 1898 was the begaining for the Chinese to study the police system of modern west country, set up police mechanism and initiate police administration. After the Gengzi Event of 1900 the Qing government begun to set up police mechanism in the central. This set the police administration of modern China afoot. In 1901 the Qing government pursued a new policy refering to modern west system. In July this year the Qing government instructed all the provinces to cut down Green Banner Army in order to select and train Standing Army, Continuation Army and Policeman. Army. But the Policeman. Army set up as to the imperial edict in Gansu was not modern Police but army. In September 1902 the Qing government ordered the governor-generals and governors of all the provices to conduct local police administration refering to the memorial police regulations presented by Yuansikai. Then with the pursuing of the new policies, the Qing government set up the Police Ministry to supervise and urge the provices to conduct local police administration. But the governor-general and governor of Gansu did not conduct any measure of police administration until the old Gansu provice capital security unites was transformed into Gansu General Police Burean in November 1905. It was the begaining of the police administration of Gansu. With the victory of the Revolution of 1911, Zhaoweixi governed Gansu. In the period of Zhaoweixi"s governing, the political situation of Gansu was thrown into confusion, and the chaos caused by war were frequent. The base of Gansu police administration founded in Late Qing was destroyed and there were quite a few drawbacks in the police administration of Gansu. Since the Northern Government was set up by Yuansikai, it issued many police decrees. In the period, the police administration of Gansu went on in the programme of the police administration of he Northern Government. In the period of Zhangguangjian governing Gansu, Gansu Provice Capital Police Hall and Gansu Provice Police Burean were founded successively. Because of the invading of Bailang peasant army, Zhangguangjian ordered all the departments and districts of Gansu to set up guard group. At the same time in Early the Republic of China the police education of Gansu had fairly developed. In the period of Zhangguangjian governing Gansu, the modern police system had set up in form. In Gansu. But in Late Qing and Early the Republic of China, the actual effect of the police administration of Gansu was extremely limited. Viewing it as a whole, the police administration of Gansu had taken shape in form, but had no matched police spirit in it. And because of its many drawbacks, the police administration of Gansu recruited many criticisms at that time.
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