论文标题:美国内战中的北方妇女
The Northern Women in the American Civil War
论文作者
论文导师 陈海宏,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 世界史
论文单位 山东师范大学,点击次数 242,论文页数 58页File Size947K
2008-04-20论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_15885852/
The American Civil War;; Union;; Northern Women
美国内战一直是美国历史研究中的重点。长期以来,关于美国内战史的研究大都把焦点聚集在男性身上,以男性的生活为依据,以男性的角度为出发点,因此大多数内战史是男性主导的内战史,较少提及女性的重要性和特殊性。显然这种研究是片面的。而研究内战时期的妇女问题,从女性的角度全面理解内战,目的就是要纠正这种偏差。美国内战南北两方进行生死争夺,虽同属美利坚民族,但南北两方的妇女在战争中所扮演的角色是不同的。北方妇女因其政治立场是进步的、革命的、反对落后的奴隶制度,故她们在战争中所起到的作用也尤为特殊。 基于美国内战的伟大历史意义、妇女与战争关系的密切性以及美国内战时期北方妇女所起作用的特殊性和重要性,本文就对美国内战时期的北方妇女做具体研究。战争和妇女的关系不仅表现在妇女们受到战争的磨难和为战争作出了贡献,还表现在战争为妇女解放创造了条件,为她们重塑自我提供了契机。 本文从以下几个部分论述北方妇女与美国内战的关系: 第一部分:南方诸蓄奴州相继退出联邦,美国面临分裂危险。联邦政府发出战争号召,北方妇女积极响应。面临国家危难,北方妇女把国家利益放在首位,支持男性亲属踊跃参军。而她们自己也准备以各种形式直接参与到战斗中去,以维护国家统一,反对罪恶的奴隶制度,表现出对国家的忠诚。 第二部分:论述战场中的北方妇女。她们或女扮男装参军入伍驰骋沙场,或担任护士细心照料伤病员,或充当间谍为军队搜集情报……北方妇女以非凡的勇气和智慧直接参与到战斗中去,在男权主义盛行的19世纪,在残酷的战争中,实现了自身价值。 第三部分:从几个方面论述战场外的北方妇女。包括:北方妇女在男性亲属参军后需要面临经济上的考验,需要克服战场后方生活上的困难,还要调整自己家庭角色的微妙变化,以更好地平衡家庭责任和爱国义务。另外,战场之外的北方妇女也以各种形式为国家统一作出贡献。她们组成妇女团体服务国家,从事政治活动表达意愿,还为废奴主义奔走呼喊。 第四部分:论述内战与北方妇女的作用与反作用力。北方妇女为内战作出了巨大贡献。另外,通过战争,妇女的社会地位也发生了变化。内战重塑了北方妇女。 研究美国内战时期的北方妇女,可以从更加独特、生动的角度,更好地全面了解内战在美国历史上烙下的印记;可以在战争这种特定的历史条件下深入了解女性的重要性和特殊性;也可以在这场同胞之间厮杀的战争中,从不同层面,不同视角,来体会北方各阶层妇女的社会地位、生存状况,以及她们因战争遭到的磨难,为战争所作出的牺牲和贡献。这对研究美国内战、美国妇女、战争和妇女的关系以及美国女权运动、黑人解放运动都有参考价值。
The studying of the Civil War is always the priority in the American history. The research on the American Civil War mostly focused on the males for a long time, it took the men’s experiences as basis, took the men’s angle as starting point, so most Civil War history is dominated by males, it mentioned little about female’s importance and particularity. It was evidently single-faceted. But the study of the women’s problems in the Civil War, and the understanding of the Civil War from female"s angle was to correct this deviation. The north and the south contended in the Civil War. The roles of northern and southern women were mostly different though they belonged to the same peoples. Because the northern women were progress, revolutionary, opposing the slavery, they played a particular role in the war. This text studied the Northern Women in the American Civil War according to the great significance of the American Civil War, the close connection between women and war, and the northern women’s importance and particularity. The relation between women and war showed not only the women’s contribution and pains, but also condition created for the women’s emancipation in the war, which provided turning point for rebuilding themselves. This text discussed the relation between the Northern women and the Civil War from the following parts: Part I: Southern states consecutively broke away from the Union, the US were confronted with disruption danger. The northern women responded to the mobilization actively when the Union government summoned to war. Be confronted with the country’s calamity, the northern woman put the patriotism on the primacy. They supported men to join the army actively, and prepared to participate the battle for maintaining national unification and opposing criminal slavery. In conflict, the great loyalties were showed by the northern women. Part II: Discuss the northern women in battlefield. Some of them joined the army dressing as boys, some took care of the wounded as nurses, others gathered information as spies.... Northern women participated the battlefield with outstanding courage and wisdom, they achieved their value in 19th century which dominated by men and the cruel war. Part III: Discuss the northern women in the external battlefield on following parts, including: The northern women needed to be confronted with economic battlefront after the males left, they needed to overcome difficulty in domesticity under siege, they needed to adjust small change of the family role so that they could balance family duty and patriotic responsibility much better. Besides, the northern women in the external battlefield made contribution with various forms: They composed organizations to serve the country, engaged in politic affairs, and call for slave emancipation. Part IV: Discuss the effect and counterforce between the civil war and the northern women. Northern women made contributions to the Civil War. And the status of women changed through the war. The Civil War rebuilt the northern women. We can know the American Civil War better especially and vividly. We can understand women’s significance and particularity under specific and historical conditions. We can feel different women’s social position, living conditions, contributions and pains in the war. It helps a lot for studying the Civil War, the American women, the relation between women and the war, the black emancipation, and the feminist movement.
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