论文标题:柔性敏化太阳能电池的制备
The Preparation of Soft Sensitized Solar Cell
论文作者
论文导师 赵高凌,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 材料学
论文单位 浙江大学,点击次数 232,论文页数 67页File Size4388K
2007-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_159648132/
Solar cell; Soft; TiO_2 photoelectrical film; polymer dye; CdS nano particle
太阳能作为一种清洁可持续能源，日益受到人们的青睐。本文综合阐述了太阳能电池的发展历史，太阳能电池的材料、结构，发展状况及存在的问题等内容。在此基础上，为了拓宽太阳能电池的应用范围，探索柔性敏化太阳能电池的制备条件和性能之间的关系。 首先，本论文对柔性太阳能电池的低温下的制备工艺进行了研究。通过钛酸异丙酯水解生成TiO_2溶胶，再通过水热合成获得凝胶，然后用丝网印刷的方法制备出柔性TiO_2薄膜太阳能电极。对其结构和性能的研究表明，水热反应温度、薄膜印刷次数和薄膜烧结条件分别是TiO_2结晶程度、薄膜厚度和薄膜与基板的结合程度的决定因素，进而也影响着电极的光电化学性能。在240℃条件下对TiO_2溶胶进行水热合成，然后在135℃下对TiO_2薄膜热处理10分钟，TiO_2膜的光电化学性能以及基板与薄膜之间的稳定性达到最佳。 接着，为了提高TiO_2薄膜的机械性能和薄膜与基板间的稳定性，本研究还对小分子添加剂的引入进行研究，这是本次工作的一个创新点。以往研究常常加入大分子的树脂材料，虽然能提高薄膜的稳定性，却会对薄膜的导电性产生不良影响。小分子添加剂分子量小，易分解，不容易残留在TiO_2薄膜上。在丝网印刷过程中，加入乙二醇，乙二醇甲醚等小分子添加剂。结果表明，对于玻璃基板上的TiO_2薄膜，小分子添加剂的加入，有利于改善薄膜的开裂情况，还有利于薄膜对染料的吸附，提高敏化TiO_2光电极的光电转化效率。对于柔性的太阳能电极，小分子添加剂的引入，能帮助提高柔性基板上TiO_2的稳定性，同时，TiO_2薄膜光电极的光电转化性能没有明显的降低。 最后，为提高柔性TiO_2光电极的光电转化效率，本论文通过高分子染料和无机纳米颗粒量子点对电极进行了敏化处理。对敏化后柔性薄膜光电极的光电性能研究表明，两种敏化均使电极的光电流提高。同时发现，在无机纳米量子点敏化过程中，量子点的合成过程对敏化后的光电极效率有影响。合成过程中的pH值和pH调节剂的种类的不同，都会对敏化光电极光电转化效率的高低有影响。
As a kind of clean and continuable energy, solar energy had received more and more attention. This paper had expatiated the materials and the structure of different kinds of the solar cells. The relationship of nano-materials and the solar cells, the development of the solar cells and the problems in the solar cells were reviewed.Then, in order to extend the application field of sensitized solar cell, this paper focuses on the preparation and photoelectrpchemical (PEC) properties of soft sensitized solar cell.At first, this paper had focused on the preparation of soft sensitized solar cell at low temparature. titanium (IV) isopropoxide hydrolyzed to be white TiO_2 sol. Then under hydrothermal condition, TiO_2 gel was gained. The gel was screen-printed to form soft TiO_2 film solar cell. The preparation process is critical to the solar cell properties. The hydro-thermal temperature, the screen-printed time and the sintered condition are respectively teh significant imfactor to the crtystalline property, film thickness and the stability of film. What"s more, these factor will at last affect the PEC property of TiO_2 electrode. The PEC properties of soft TiO_2 film solar cell showed that the TiO_2 film, sintered at 135℃ for 10 min, has the best stability between film and soft substrate.Then, in order to improve the mechanical property and stability of TiO_2 film, this paper had studied the organic additive such as ethylene glycol and ethylene glycol monomethylether. Different from the usual polymer colophony, these organic additive have much smaller molecular weight, easier to be removed. Therefore, they have little bad effect to the electric properties of TiO_2 film. During screen-printed step of TiO_2 film preparation, the organic additive was added in the film. The results showed that to the glass substrate solar cell, the organic additive was benefit to prepare crack-free film, which also adsorb more organic dye, and perform better PEC properties. To the soft sensitized solar cell, the addition of organic additive, on the one hand, improved the stability between film and soft substrate; on the other hand, did not decrease the photocurrent of soft sensitized solar cell.At last, in order to improve the PEC properties of TiO_2 electrode, polymer dye and inorganic nano-particle were separately used to sensitize TiO_2 film. The study to the PECproperty of sensitized solar cell showed that compared to solar cell before sensitized, the photocurrent of solar cell after sensitized is improved. At the same time, the results also showed that during the inorganic nano-particle sensitized step, the nano-particle preparation affected the PEC property of sensitized solar cell. The difference of pH modifier and pH number in the synthesis process, induced different PEC properties of sensitied solar cell.
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