论文标题:募集设立股份公司发起人的法律地位及民事责任研究
On Prohibition of Use of Force in International Law
论文作者 王新东
论文导师 管晓峰,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 法律
论文单位 中国政法大学,点击次数 236,论文页数 48页File Size216k
2004-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_1599447/ 合同法; 显失公平; 英美合同法
the dispute of South China Sea; the Asia-pacific international configuration; sovereignty; threat of China
发起人制度作为公司设立制度的一个重要组成部分，在公司法律制度中占有重要地位，是公司制度成熟与否的一个标志。发起人制度的完善和合理与否关涉到公司能否成功设立、设立过程中资源能否得到有效利用并达到最佳配置状态、以及设立过程中相关利益方之利益均衡及保护问题，因此，是一个关涉面和影响面很大的问题。我国公司法对发起人制度也作了相关规定，但仍有很多不足之处，有待于进一步完善。本文以比较法的研究方法，通过对发达市场经济国家发起人制度与我国相关发起人的规定的比较研究，深入剖析我国公司法发起人制度，并对发起人制度的修订和完善提出立法建议。全文除前言和结语外，共分四个部分：第一章：发起人的含义和法律地位。发起人的含义和法律地位是整个发起人制度的基石。该部分先介绍了大陆法系和英美法系对发起人含义的不同观点，在此基础上分析我国发起人含义的相关规定，并结合我国国情，对我国发起人含义的界定提出了建议。然后介绍了大陆法系和英美法系在发起人法律地位上的不同观点，在对比分析的基础上，认为确定发起人的法律地位，必须分发起人个人和发起人整体两个方面进行界定：发起人个人是发起人合伙中的成员；发起人整体是设立中公司的机关。第二章：发起人的权限范围。该部分先介绍了发起人权限范围问题上的不同观点，通过比较分析，认为发起人的权限范围应限于为设立公司法律上和经济上所必需的行为，而不包括开业准备行为。然后分别介绍了大陆法系和英美法系对开业准备行为效力的处理方法。最后对我国发起人权限范围和开业准备行为的效力进行了探讨。第三章：发起人的权利和义务。发起人的权利和义务是发起人制度中的主要内容。该部分第一节先介绍了发起人的权利，包括现物出资权、获取特别利益权、报酬请求权和设立费用返还请求权等。第二节分析了我国对发起人权利规定的不足，并提出了完善之建议。第三节介绍了发起人的义务，发起人的义务包括：出资义务、特定期间不得转让股份的义务、忠实履行职责的义务和信托义务。在对发起人的义务分别介绍后，对我国公司法的相关规定进行了剖析，并提出了完善之建议。第四章：发起人的民事责任。该部分分公司成立时的民事责任和公司不成立的民事责任，分别予以介绍。第一节介绍了公司成立时，发起人对公司应承担出资违约责任、资本充实责任和损害赔偿责任；第二节介绍了公司成立时，发起人对第三人应承担契约连带责任、侵权连带责任和对认股人的信息公开责任。第三节介绍了公司不成立时，发起人应对设立费用、设立公司所生债务以及侵权行为所生损害对第三人承担责任。
At the beginning of the 20th century, Western countries and Japan invaded South China Sea. The negotiations and contests existed among invaders and between invaders and China Qing Dynasty for the sovereignty of South China Sea. So the issue of South China Sea came forth. To sum up, Western countries and Japan did not pay more attention to the sovereignty of South China Sea, and admitted that the sovereignty of South China Sea belong to China on the whole. The issue of South China Sea was not an important factor that worked on the Asia-Pacific international configuration. Philippines and South Vietnam had claimed the sovereignty of South China Sea, but the lack of their evidence and the contest between the two Cold War blocs and the struggle for hegemony between U.S. and USSR which were mostly international contradiction shadowed the sovereignty issue. Their sovereignty claims had no effect. But since 1970s, because of the signing of United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, discovering of petroleum and taking into account issues of sovereignty and security, some countries in Southeast Asia claim the sovereignty of all of or the part of South China Sea in succession, the issue of South China Sea has become a hotspot in the area.From the point of international configuration, the dispute of South China Sea is not only involved all parties concerned, major powers and international organizations that form the main framework of Asia-Pacific international configuration, but has their important interests involved in South China Sea . This determines that the Asia-Pacific international configuration and the dispute of South China Sea must be mutually influenced.At present, major powers and international organizations in the Asia-Pacific international configuration are China, the United States, Japan, India, Russia and ASEAN countries. China is a main party in Asia-Pacific area and claims sovereignty of the whole South China Sea, so China has the most important interest in the dispute, including integrity of sovereignty, the security of economy and energy. The United States has nothing to do with the dispute, but is a leading force in the Asia-Pacific area. In order to pursue a uni-polar world, the United States demands peace, stability, security of international sea-route and freedom of navigation in the area. So US will take actions to influence the dispute and it is the most exterior factor that influences the dispute in the Asia-Pacific international configuration. To a large extent, Japan’s interest is the same as the United States in the area, but from Japan’s point of “sea lifeline”, Japan pays more attention to the international sea-route in South China Sea. India is located in South Asia, guided by the “look-east ” policy, India strengthens relations with countries in Southeast Asia area and ASEAN after the Cold War. South China Sea becomes India’s “interest scope ”, so India can influence the dispute. Russia retreated from South China Sea after the Cold War, especially withdrew from Cam Ranh Bay. Its influence descended greatly in the area. But through strengthening economic relations with Southeast Asia, arms sale, forming the frame of security in the area, Russia’s influence in the area has been in gradual rise. Though it has no any interest in the dispute of South China Sea, exploitation of petroleum and arms sale are the means that Russia can influence the dispute. As an organization in Southeast Asia, ASEAN has become an important force in Asia-pacific area, major powers compete in making friends with ASEAN. As a political organization of Southeast Asia countries which involved in the dispute of South China Sea, ASEAN can not but help its members in the dispute. But its aim is maintaining peace and stability, developing economy and advancing social development, If ASEAN supports its member’s position firmly in the dispute, which would destroy the relations between ASEAN and China, it will not achieve its aim. As a part of China, Taiwan’s policy on the issue will also have d
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