论文标题:自救：法治所呼唤的主体精神
Self-saving: The Sprit Needed by the Rule of Law
论文作者 胡成智
论文导师 胡春明,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 法律
论文单位 华东政法学院,点击次数 73,论文页数 88页File Size1412k
2004-04-15论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_160286747/ 自救精神 ; 拯救精神 ; 法治 ; 人治; 法治文化; 人治文化
the sprit of self-saving; the sprit of authority-saving;the rule of law;dictatorship;man-governing cultrue;law-governing cultrue
依法治国已成为我国上下的共识,并已经写入宪法,但在建设中国法治的过程中,我们常碰到很多疑惑:普通民众在自身的权利受到非法侵害时不愿意通过法律途径维护权利;发生各种纠纷时倾向于私了解决;对法律似乎还有一种摆脱不了的本能惧怕感;办事喜欢找熟人关系,即使有时完全没有必要……。透过这类现象我们可以看到法治主体的精神存在缺陷,行为模式反映出主体的思想观念所具有的传统习性。现实中,法治主体的精神仍然深受中国传统的权威拯救意识的影响,法治所呼唤的主体自救精神还没有普遍地出现。本文从主体精神层面分析法治出现困惑的原因,通过历史考察法分析了在中国传统的人治文化下专制统治者通过经济上、政治上和思想上对社会主体进行了全面的控制,塑造了主体的权威依附精神,并形成主体的稳定的性格,这种性格完全配合了专制的官僚统治,使人治文化有了宿命般的天然合理性。中国官僚政治的成功秘诀就在于形成了一种包容一切的人治文化,文化下的主体普遍地依附于传统社会的支配阶级,当社会动乱时还是渴求天子一类的权威人物来救世,因而中国出现了“治乱相循”的历史怪圈,这种怪圈又强化了主体的权威依附意识,使中国经历了二千多年的专制人治历史。在中国努力进行法治建设的今天人们感到了传统权威拯救意识的沉重包袱,悠久的人治传统造成主体的精神状态与法治建设的要求不符。要取得法治成功,就必须重新塑造法治主体的精神,使之摆脱对传统的拯救权威的依附,成为有自救精神的主体。自救精神的塑造要求我们在经济上、政治上和文化上分别用市场经济、民主政治和法治文化去取代传统的自然经济、专制政治和人治文化。主体自救精神的塑造反过来有力地保证我国市场经济、民主政治和法治文化的发展。在反对人治文化和建设中国特色的法治文化过程中,必须对民众进行全面的素质教育,坚持社会舆论的法治导向和合理地利用法治的本土资源。建设法治过程中最需要警惕的是新形态的官僚政治的形成,因此在主体自救精神普遍出现前必须强化中央权威,实行中央权威指导下的民众推动型法治,而不是通过官员去推动法治,具有自救精神的主体对官员的监督有利于防止官员官僚化。市场经济、民主政治和法治文化的终极价值在于通过主体自救实现人的自由和全面发展。
Governing state affaires by the rule of law has become our common ground, and it has been written down on the constitution. But in the process of the construction and implementation of a law-governing politics, there are many things that make us feel confused: the ordinary people are not willing to fight for their lawful right through the legal channel when they are illegally aggressive, they instinctively seem to be full of fear to law, they are more likely to appeal to friends or other social relatives instead of through legal channel when they are involved in dissension, not even considering its necessity, and from these phenomena we can see that there are still limitations on the soul of the law itself, the people’s thoughts and notions reflected by their behaviors pattern are traditional. In reality, the principal spirit of the law was deeply influenced by the ideology of the Chinese authority-saving tradition, and the spirit of saving oneself that advocated by law is still in its infancy in the soil of the society. Based on the analysis of the deep, complex principal spirit of human being, and abided by the historical point of view this thesis tries to explore the spirit of authority-adhering that formulated by the autarchy politics nurtured under the culture of Chinese traditional political system. And in order to control the people in all round, the autarchy archon control all the social living such as economy, politics and thoughts and so no, and through this kind of control, it may formulate the people’s stable characteristic, which is completely satisfied to the needs of the bureaucracy political system, and this may lay reasonable foundation for the irrational man-governing culture. One of the effective tips of China’s bureaucracy is the forming of a certain kind of irrational culture or the so-called man-governing culture, which it is claimed open and contains the whole shoot. The people living under such society are generally intend to be more attachable to the predominate class, even when there is a convulsion in the society, they still hope that there is someone authority, or someone like the ‘Son of Heaven’ to happen for the save of their salvation, hence, frequently come the? peace-and-convulsion ruling periods in China’s history , and this unstable, changeable society in turn has reinforced the people’s consciousness of attachment, and this may be the right reason that China have undergone an autarchic politics for more than 2, 000 years. The centuries-old tradition of man-governing tradition makes man feel the great burden of traditional authority-saving ideology even when China is trying to implement the law-governing society, and all this has made the inconsistency between the spiritual state of the subjects and the need of law. In other to fulfill a law-governing society, the internal and subconscious principal spirit of the people must be rebuilt, making them cast of the reliance on the authority-saving tradition, and finally let them become autonomous self-saving subjects. And the building of self-saving spirit demands us to replace the traditional natural economy, autocratic politics and man-governing society with market economy, democratic politics and law-governing culture in the fields of economy, politics and culture respectively. The building of the people self-saving spirit will in turn guarantee the development of economy, democratic politics and the law-governing culture in our country. And in the process of fighting again the traditional man-governing culture in China, and at the same time, in other to guarantee the fruits of law-governing culture with Chinese characteristics, we must revise our education policy, propose and carry out all-round education among our people, stick to the law-governing direction in public opinion and make use of the native recourses reasonably and effectively. Besides, the forming of new-form bureaucratic politics must be on guard against during the construction of the law-governing politics system. So the central au
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