论文标题:氮磷钾对韭菜生理效应、营养品质及氮代谢关键酶的影响
Effects of Nitrogen、Phosphorus and Potassium Nutrients on the Physiological Influences, Nutrition Quality and Key Enzymes in Nitrogen Metabolism of Chinese Chive
论文作者 殷召学
论文导师 陈贵林,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 蔬菜学
论文单位 河北农业大学,点击次数 183,论文页数 51页File Size2739k
2005-04-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_16497937/ 韭菜;氮;磷;钾;氮素形态及配比;营养品质
Chinese chive; Nitrogen; phosphorus; Potassium; nitrogen form and ratio; Nutrition quality
韭菜(Allium tuberosum Rottler Spreng)原产于我国,栽培历史悠久,以其丰富的营养价值和药用功能,成为中国北方的重要蔬菜之一。目前,人们已在韭菜的栽培技术、形态发育和生理特性等方面做了大量研究,而对于露地生产中磷钾肥配施对韭菜品质和产量的影响和营养液中不同氮钾营养对水培韭菜品质和产量的影响尚未见报道。本试验以韭菜为试材,研究了磷钾肥配施、氮钾浓度、氮素形态及配比对韭菜生理效应、营养品质及氮代谢关键酶的影响,以期为韭菜合理施肥及无土栽培提供理论依据。 1.在0～18mmol·L~(-1)钾素范围内,各处理间韭菜叶长均表现为割后前8天为快速生长期,此后为缓慢生长期。在钾素水平为6～9mmol·L~(-1)时,韭菜产量、Vc、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量均处于较高水平。硝酸盐含量与硝酸还原酶活性呈负相关(r=-0.72)。以植株产量和营养品质作为综合衡量指标,水培韭菜以6～9mmol·L~(-1)的钾素浓度为宜。 2.随着营养液中钾素水平的提高,韭菜叶片中的叶绿素a含量、叶绿素总量、可溶性蛋白质含量均明显提高,叶绿素b和硝酸盐含量降低。供钾水平的提高促进了“汉中冬韭”、“791”韭菜、“日本韭菜”和“赛青松”韭菜等4个品种的Vc含量的合成,降低了“汉中冬韭”、“791”韭菜、“平韭4号”和“日本韭菜”等4个品种的游离氨基酸含量以及“汉中冬韭”、“791”韭菜、“平韭4号”、“日本韭菜”和“赛青松”韭菜等5个品种的可溶性糖含量。硝酸盐含量与硝酸还原酶活性大小间关系不明显。综合比较,“791”韭菜的叶长和产量最高,“汉中冬韭”的营养品质最佳。 3.随着营养液中NO_3~-—N:NH_4~+—N比例逐渐增大,“791”韭菜和“汉中冬韭”的叶长、产量和硝酸盐含量呈升高趋势,硝酸还原酶活性、Vc含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、游离氨基酸含量和根系活力呈降低趋势。以产量和营养品质等作为综合衡量指标,“791”韭菜和“汉中冬韭”适合的NO_3~-—N:NH_4~+—N为2:2,最佳组合是K_aN_2X_2,即NO_3~-—N 5mmol·L~(-1),NH_4~+—N 5mmol·L~(-1),钾素水平4mmol·L~(-1)。因子间作用效果比较可知,氮素形态及配比对韭菜产量和营养品质的影响最大。 4.在NO_3~-—N:NH_4~+—N为1:3～3:1的范围内,不同氮素形态间韭菜叶片和根部
Chinese chive was originally cultivated in China and had a long history of cultivation. Because of great value of nutrition and medicine, Chinese chive had been one of important vegetables in north China. Now the people had done a lot of research to Chinese chive in cultivation technique, the regularity of modality development and physiological characteristics etc. However, the report as to the effects of phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) combined fertilization on Chinese chive nutrition quality and yield in the fields and the effects of nitrogen and potassium nutrients on its nutrition quality and yield in a hydroponics system had not appeared. Cultivar Chinese chive was researched in the effects of phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) combined fertilization , nitrogen and potassium concentrations, nitrogen forms and ratios on the physiological influences, nutrition quality and key enzymes in nitrogen metabolism for providing theoretical basis of Chinese chive rational manure and soiless culture.1. When the potassium concentration was in the range of 0-18 mmol-L~(-1), the leaves of "Pingjiu4" Chinese chive grew faster in the eight days after cutting and then grew slower. When the potassium concentration was in the range of 6-9 mmol-L~(-1), the yield and the content of vitamin C, soluble sugar and soluble protein were at higher levels. The content of nitrate was negative correlation with the activity of nitrate reductase(NR) (r=-0.72) . According to comprehensive measure index of the yield and nutrition quality, the optimum concentration of potassium to Chinese chive in a hydroponics system was 6-Pmmol.L~(-1).2. The results showed that with the improvement of potassium concentrations, Chla ,Chl and soluble protein content significantly increased ,while Chlb and nitrate content decreased . The improvement of potassium concentrations promoted the synthesize of Vc to 4 Chinese chive varieties such as "Hanzhong" , "791" , "Japan" and" Saiqingsong" , reduced the content of total free amino acids to 4 ones such as "Hanzhong" , "791" , "Pingjiu4" and "Japan" ,and decreased the content of soluble sugar to 5 ones such as " Hanzhong "," 791"," Pingj iu4 "," Japan " and " Saiqingsong ". The content of nitrate was no obviously relationship with the activity of nitrate reductase (NR). Synthetically comparing, the leave length and yield of " 791" Chinese chive were highest ,while the nutrition quality of " Hanzhong" Chinese chive was best.3. With the increase of NO~-_3—N : NH~+_4—N, the leave length, yield and the content of nitrate on "791" and "Hanzhong" Chinese chive in a hydroponics system increased, but the activity of NR, the content of vitamin C, soluble protein, total free amino acids and the activity of root system decreased. According to comprehensive measure index of the yield and nutrition quality, the suitable ratio of NO~-_3—N : NH~+_4—N was 2:2 and the
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