论文标题:关联理论对汉语转喻的阐释
Cognitive Study on Chinese Spatial Metaphors
论文作者 李芝
论文导师 曹合建,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 外国语言学及应用语言学
论文单位 湖南大学,点击次数 504,论文页数 63页File Size2235k
2003-04-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_1669562/ 转喻,联系主义,关联理论,最大关联
metonymy;associationism;relevance theory;optimal relevance
本文首先对转喻的研究进行了介绍，认为联系主义(包括传统的修辞学研究、认知语言学研究和格赖斯理论)本身不足以完整的阐释转喻现象，并从转喻的概念形成，转喻的定义，语境，语用标准，转喻的指称用法以及隐喻和转喻的关系这六个方面对联系主义提出了质疑和批判。 根据Sperber and Wilson(1995，2002)的两条关联原则，即认知原则和交际原则，人类认知倾向于同最大关联相吻合，每一个明示的交际行为都应设想为它本身具有最佳关联。本文论证了相对于联系主义，关联理论能更好地解释转喻现象的产生和理解。转喻是汉语日常语言的一个普遍特征，虽然人们常常把转喻理解为一种特殊的语言形式，认知语言学认为转喻的使用不仅存在于文学语言中，而且在日常对话中也有系统的体现，本文从转喻的语言使用功能角度，将汉语中的转喻分为三种类型：指称性转喻，谓语性转喻和言外转喻，分析了转喻的作用和影响，证明了关联理论能够有效地解释其认知和交际功能。 本文旨在对汉语转喻重新进行理论探讨和分类，批判了联系主义对转喻现象的阐释，尝试将认知语用学的基础理论—关联理论引入对转喻现象的产生和理解。本文所分析的语料取自于汉语中转喻的素材，汉语作为作者的母语，其文化内涵和意义能得到更好的把握，并能从跨文化和跨语言的角度来阐明关联理论对转喻的解释力，并对汉语中的转喻现象进行理论分析和系统归类。
In this study, the primary goal is to reconsider the phenomena traditionally treated as cases of metonymy. The associationist account of metonymy is critically reviewed, and we suggest relevance theory to account for its production and comprehension. Since Chinese is our mother tongue, the data used in this paper are mainly mandarin metonymies, thus on the one hand we can attribute the theory of relevance into a wider cross-cultural and cross-linguistic perspective, and on the other hand, we can classify and comprehend the mandarin metonymy more systematically.Metonymy is widely defined as referential shorthand whose success is grounded on empirical associations among objects. Within the pragmatic literature, the first extensive studies of metonymy belong to Nunberg (1975) and Fauconnier (1985). Nunberg considers metonymy as a case of "deferred references", in which a speaker uses a description of a and succeeds in referring to b. Fauconnier also sees metonymy as a sub case of deferred reference, which is enabled by the establishment of links between objects "for psychological, cultural, or locally pragmatic reasons"; these links are captured by pragmatic mappings which Fauconnier terms "connectors ". In his model, he proposes a general "Identification Principle" governs deferred reference. The idea behind their accounts of metonymy, that is, the existence of associations licensed by cultural or experiential factors, was taken up and developed by cognitive linguistics. They regard metonymy not as a linguistic object, but a conceptual or cognitive organization expressed by a linguistic object. The further inherent limitations of the above accounts are presented in this paper. We argue that this associationist view (underlying the traditional approach, the cognitive linguistics approach and the Gricean approach on metonymy) is in itself inadequate for a complete descriptive and explanatory account of metonymy from six aspects, such as, the conceptualization of metonymy, metonymic concepts, contextual issues, pragmatic criterion, referential uses of metonymy and the relationship between metaphor and metonymy.Sperber and Wilson (1995) propose two principles of relevance, namely,cognitive and communicative principle of relevance. The principles governinginferential communication have their source in some basic facts about human cognition: humans typically pay attention to the most relevant phenomena available, construct the most relevant possible representations of these phenomena, and process these representations in a context that maximize their relevance. In this paper, it is argued that relevance theory is better than the previous account in the comprehension of metonymy.We argue that metonymy is not restricted to its well-known referring function but is much more pervasive in ordinary language use. Three types of metonymy in mandarin are proposed, such as referential metonymy, predicational metonymy and illocutionary metonymy. We present that referential metonymy is a variety of interpretive use as defined within relevance theory. The general relevance-theoretic framework can effectively treat the cognitive and communicative role of metonymy. We offer a number of applications of this approach, which explain the on-line comprehension of mandarin metonymies, the variety of effects metonymic expressions can have, and prove that relevance theory is an efficient approach in accounting mandarin metonymy.Moreover, the relevance-theoretic treatment of metonymy is evaluated and it is demonstrated that it is better than previous accounts. Finally, the implication and effects of metonymic utterance are analyzed. The metonymic utterances and the together with the contextual assumptions yield a wide array of weak implicatures that could not be communicated by a literal paraphrase. Relevance-theoretic approach can naturally explain a number of effects caused by these metonymic expressions.
|
