论文标题:饮用水及水源水藻类调查及方法学研究
Algae Investigation in Drinking Water and Source Water and the Methodological Research
论文作者 王梅梅
论文导师 阚振荣,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 微生物学
论文单位 河北大学,点击次数 247,论文页数 67页File Size5690k
2005-02-28论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_1699882/ 饮用水;藻类;方法学;培养基;调查;分离纯化
drinking water; alga; methodology; culture medium; investigation; separation and purification
本文研究了保定市市民饮用的自来水及其水源水中藻类存在状况,同时研究了淡水藻类的培养方法、分离纯化方法及其细胞破壁方法,为保定市的水质检测及其安全状况提供了参考。其主要研究内容有以下几个方面: 1.以保定市市民饮用的自来水为样品,分别在20种不同培养基中进行培养,考察藻类的种类和生长情况。其中11种培养基来自参考资料,另外9种是在正交试验的基础上自主设计或改良的。综合考虑藻的种类、生长情况和生长周期,通过反复对比,最终筛选出了格诺夫—菲茨吉拉德—斯斯科培养基、铜绿微囊藻—鱼腥藻培养基、水生104号含氮培养基和自主设计的基础+葡萄糖、改良的水生104号含氮培养基+葡萄糖五种培养基是实验所用培养基中效果较好的。 2.对保定市居民饮用水的水源水、水厂水和终端水中藻类的存在状况做了调查,调查主要包括以下几点:了解水源水、水厂出厂水和终端水中藻类的种类和数量;通过测定藻类叶绿素-a的含量来评定其水质的富营养化程度。经过2004年3月份至2005年3月份的周年检测,发现在调查期间五个水样中的藻种数以及藻类数量总体上均呈下降趋势。认为水源水的水质在日益好转,居民饮用水的质量也在逐步改善。 3.对保定市水源水和终端水中藻类进行富集培养、分离纯化和鉴定。采用培养基筛选法、稀释分离法、平板划线分离法、离心分离法、毛细管分离法、小滴分离法、pH值分离法、温度分离法、抑制剂分离法等9种不同方法,最终分离纯化出4门9属10种藻类,其中包括蓝藻门念珠藻属的点形念珠藻、席藻属的小席藻和一未定种;金藻门单鞭金藻属的卵形单鞭金藻;绿藻门小球藻属的椭圆小球藻、栅藻属的双对栅藻和四尾栅藻、纺锤藻属的一种、月牙藻属的小形月牙藻和硅藻门的舟形藻属的一种。其中点形念珠藻、小席藻、未定种、小形月牙藻和舟形藻是从水源水中分离得到的,卵形单鞭金藻、椭圆小球藻、双对栅藻、四尾栅藻和纺锤藻是从终端水中分离得到。从水源水中分离出的蓝藻(点形念珠藻,小席藻和未定种),对其是否产生毒素还有待进一步研究;从自来水中分离的藻类,没有发现有产生毒素的报道。同时探讨了藻种的保藏方法。 4.对藻细胞破壁方法进行了初步探讨,最终认为用超声波处理溶于40%甲醇的鲜藻体是破壁效果较好的。
In this paper, the existence of algae in the source water and the tap water of Baoding were examined. At the same time, the methods of freshwater algae"s cultivation, separation and purification were studied. And the algae cell broken methods were also studied. The results were as follow:1. The kinds of the algae and growth state of the water sumple in 20 kinds of culture media were investigated. With category of algae, the growth circumstance and grow the period for index sign, finally, five better kinds of culture media were found, they were Gargorov-Fitzgerald-Skog culture medium, Microcystis-Anabaena culture medium, Hydrophily 104 nitrogenous culture medium, basic culture medium + glucose and improved Hydrophily 104 nitrogenous culture medium + glucose.2. In this paper the source water and the waterworks water and the tap water of Baoding were examined from March of 2004 to March of 2005. Investigation contained: firstly, the species and quantity of algae in the five water samples were investigated; secondly, the level of eutrophication was evaluated through the content of algae"s chlorophyll-a. The result showed the species number and quantity of algae in the source water and the tap water descended dramatically. This indicated that the quality of source water and the tap water in Baoding was becoming better and better.3. Enriched culture, sepration and purification and identification of algae in the source water and tap water in Baoding city. Using culture medium selection, diluted separation, plate lineration, centrifugal separation, capillary separation, droplet separation, pH separation, temperature separation, inhibitor separation and so on, ten species were obtained. There were Cyanophyta Nostoc punctiforme, Phormidium tenue, an undetermined alga; Chrysophyta Chromulina ovalis; Chlorophyta Cholorella ellipsoidea, Scenedesmus bijuga, S. quadricauda, Elakatothrix sp., Selenastrum minutum and Bacillariophyta Navicula sp. In them Nostoc punctiforme, Phormidium tenue, and an undetermined alga, Selenastrum minutum and Navicula sp. were separated from the source water. Cholorella ellipsoidea, Scenedesmus bijuga, S. quadricauda, Elakatothrix sp. and Chromulina ovalis were separated from the tap water. The blue-green algae from the source water (Nostoc punctiforme, Phormidium tenue, and an undetermined alga) producing toxin or not was uncertain. It needs further study. The algae from the tap water were not reported to produce toxin. At the same time store methodswere studied.4. The algae cell broken methods were primary studied. In the end, it was considered that fresh alage disoved in 40% methanol disposed by ultrasonic is the better method of coarse extraction.
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