论文标题:民事执行救济制度研究
论文作者
论文导师 吕斌,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 法律
论文单位 安徽大学,点击次数 92,论文页数 51页File Size3190K
2007-10-22论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_185097982/
civil execution;; defects in execution;; executive relief
民事执行中,执行机关的强制执行行为可能对执行当事人及利害关系人的合法权益造成侵害。执行救济制度旨在为执行程序中的当事人及利害关系人提供有效的救济途径;是执行程序实现效率与公正的保障。本文从民事执行、民事执行权、民事执行救济的基本理论出发,借鉴外国及我国台湾地区的民事执行救济制度,分析我国民事执行救济的现状及存在的问题,提出完善我国民事执行救济制度的建议。 本文的正文部分先从民事执行、民事执行权的基础理论入手,介绍了民事执行及民事执行权的概念、特征,重点论述了民事执行权是一种国家公权力,具有司法权和行政权的双重属性,相应的民事执行行为分为执行实施行为和执行裁决行为,本文研究的执行救济正是执行裁决的内容。第二部分是民事执行救济制度的概述,以权利救济与权力制约的理论阐明民事执行救济的理论基础,以执行实践中,执行瑕疵的存在以及侵害执行当事人及利害关系人的合法权益实际状况论述研究民事执行救济的必要性。引入执行救济的概念,笔者认为,民事执行救济是指在执行过程中,由于执行机关的违法或不当强制执行行为给执行当事人及利害关系人合法权益造成侵害或侵害之虞时,依法请求有关机关保护自己合法权益,有权机关根据法律规定采取适当的救济措施予以权利保护的法律制度。在分析执行瑕疵产生的原因部分,根据执行实践将执行瑕疵分为违法的执行行为和不当的执行行为。在执行瑕疵规制部分,笔者借用行政法上的比例原则,将不当的执行行为纳入民事执行救济的范畴。从法理学的角度研究民事执行救济的法律特征、构成要件、程序价值及法律功能。民事执行救济具有权利性和监督性。是当事人的权利,也是对执行机构强制执行行为的监督。执行救济包括程序性救济和实体性救济。民事执行救济的程序价值在于富有效率地实现对公正的追求。民事执行救济的功能在于维护国家权力均衡;监督执行行为;维护程序安定;提供当事人申辩机会,减少执行阻力。第三部分为主要外国及我国台湾地区民事执行救济制度的比较与评析,重点介绍我国台湾地区的民事执行救济制度,认为其民事执行救济制度十分完备,制度设计严密,可操作性强;救济机关与救济程序结合保障救济的公正性;救济方法多样保障救济及时充分。使得执行监督有力,没有因为公正问题受到社会太多的责难。对我国的民事执行救济的构建很有借鉴意义。第四部分为我国民事执行救济制度的完善。首先分析了我国目前民事执行救济的现状、存在的缺陷及其原因。与国外相对发达的民事执行救济制度相比,需要进一步完善。其次论述完善我国民事执行救济制度的价值目标,在立法例方面,笔者认为台湾地区立法例在法律文化、民族传统、执行机构设置、救济制度完善程度都有我国在民事执行救济制度方面移植的基础。最后在民事执行救济具体构建上,完善民事执行权的配置是基础,可将执行权分为执行实施权、执行裁决权和执行监督权,同时由于我国执行机构存在执行员和执行法官的现状,相应地将实施单纯的事实行为或交付行为交由执行员实施,将执行救济行为始终由执行法官来行使。从而为执行救济的有效运行提供基础制度。方法上分为程序性救济和实体上救济,并分别设计了具体的程序。
Duration the civil execution, the imperative execution may invovle prejudice to legel rights of interested parties relief system aims at providing effective methods and means for interested and executive parties. The execution the relief system mainly aims on providing the efficient ways for interested and executive parties, which is also the guarantee of efficiency and justice. This paper, from the basic theory of civil execution, the executive power and executive relief, analyses status in quo and problems in civil execution, then argues that it is necessary and feasible to perfect China"s Civil Execution System via on comparing with the comparatively perfect relief systems from Taiwan district of China and other countries. The body firstly introduces the concepts of civil execution and executive power, mainly focusing on the argument that civil executive power is an important public power of the state and possesses twofold attributions: administrative right and judicative right. Correspondingly, the Civil Enforcement Act includes the execution judgment act and the execution enforcement act, and the executive relief in this paper should be included into the former. The 2nd part summarizes the Civil Execution System, illustrating its foundational theory via implementing right relief and restricting the power and arguing that it is necessary to research in civil executive relief via on defects being in procedure for civil execution, In writer"s opinion, interested parties or related people can oppose illegal executive organs and improper execution to guarantee their own rights according to related law, and at the same time the organs should take their relevant responsibility. Reasoning the defects in execution, the improper or illegal civil execution constitutes them, which would infringe interested parties or related people"s legal rights and interests. Further, talking of distinguishing of defects regulating, the writer puts the improper execution act into the category of executive relief by means of borrowing the proportion principle in the Administrative law. Civil executive relief, which is not only the right of interested parties but also the supervision to executive organs, has right quality and supervision characteristic from the angle of law. And, it can be classified as the procedural relief and substantive relief, and it can function as follows: to realize the fairness, to maintenance state power, to supervise execution act, to maintenance procedure and to offer opportunities for interested parties or related people to reduce executive resistance. The 3 ~(rd) part mainly presents the comparison and critique of relief systems from Taiwan district of China and other countries. Especially, Taiwan"s executive relief system has some advantages such as having a fully developed legal system, designing a system fully, working with better maneuverability etc., which can give us some useful insights. What"s in the 4~(th) part refers to the hot topic on how to perfect China"s Civil Executive Relief System. An analysis of current situation, defects and cause of our civil executive relief comes first; comparing with the comparatively perfect relief systems, we have a long way to go. Secondly, the paper talks about the value goal of China"s Civil Executive Relief System. The writer holds that the legislation precedent of the regulations for legal culture, national traditional activities, executive administrative setting and perfection of executive relieve can be transported into China"s. Finally, the paper deals with the specific construction of executive relief. Basicaly, civil executive power falls into three categories: the execution enforcement power, the execution judgment power and the execution supervision power. And, at the same time, respectively judicial executives for a delivery act or a factual behavior and judges for executive relief act provide a system basis for the effective working of executive relief, and correspondingly procedural relief and substantive relief work, designing specific procedure respectively.
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