论文标题:重庆市城市贫困的现状与反贫困对策研究
Research on the Current State of Poverty of the City and the Countermeasures of Anti-poverty in Chongqing
论文作者 张鹏
论文导师 曾国平,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 产业经济学
论文单位 重庆大学,点击次数 43,论文页数 78页File Size401k
2002-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_185785867/ 城市贫困，反贫困，经济发展
Poverty of the city, anti-poverty, economic development
贫困是一个国家或者区域经济、社会、文化和环境等问题的综合体，是一个人或家庭由于缺少达到最低生活水准的能力，缺乏必要的生活资料和服务，使生活处于困难境地。随着我国政府“八七”扶贫攻坚计划等扶贫策略的实施，广大农村的贫困状况已得到相对缓解。而城市贫困，随着近年来城市社会经济的发展，却逐渐成为不容回避的严峻的社会现实问题。本论文借鉴和吸收国内外对贫困问题与区域经济发展研究的理论成果，对贫困进行了阐述和分析，揭示了城市贫困与城市经济社会发展的相互关系。这些理论分析,包括人口增长贫困论、贫困结构论、贫困文化论、贫困功能主义理论、贫困恶性循环理论，以及古典经济增长理论、哈罗德-多马模型、平衡增长论和不平衡增长论、社会发展阶段增长论、二元结构与经济发展论。论文接着对重庆市城市贫困人口的主要类型进行了分析，指出：下岗失业人员、因病致贫人员、伤残致贫人员、自然灾害致贫人员等，是重庆市目前主要的城市贫困对象。分析了重庆市城市贫困人口规模大、贫困人口与高收入居民之间贫富差距拉大、城市贫困居民精神贫困与物质贫困并存、贫困居民脱贫后返贫现象不容忽视等贫困特征。还结合调查数据对重庆市城市居民贫困线进行了测算。论文对目前重庆市城市贫困人口的致贫原因从社会外在客观性致贫因素和贫困居民主观性致贫因素两个方面进行了阐述。指出：城市贫困人口外在客观性致贫因素有：社会经济体制改革的负面效应、社会保障制度的缺陷、收入分配不均、产业结构调整等；贫困居民主观性致贫因素主要是贫困人口素质的弱质性和思想观念落后。论文在以上分析的基础上提出了重庆市城市反贫困工作的主要思路和对策：第一，提高城市贫困居民的劳动力素质，增强社会适应能力和竞争能力；第二，实施多模式扶贫方式，增强城市扶贫的实效性；第三，完善社会保险和社会救济，建立城市贫困居民的安全网；第四，深化再就业工程，健全劳动力市场体系，为贫困居民脱贫致富创造更多的就业机会和增加收入的机会。
Poverty is a synthetic problem of a country or a region"s economy, society and culture, It is a plight a person or a family fall into, when they lack the ability to reach the lowest standard of living, or lack the necessary materials or service. As our government brings "Ba-Qi" anti-poverty and assault fortified positions plan into effect, the poverty situation in the countryside has been solved to a certain extent. But poverty in the city, as the recent reformation and development of the cities" social economy, is becoming a serious social problem that we must face.This paper consults and absorbs theories in which we study the problem of poverty and regional economy in country and out of country, explains and analyses the problem of poverty, reveals the relationship between the poverty of the city and the social development of the city. The theoretical analysis contains population growth poverty theory, structure poverty theory, culture poverty theory, functionalism poverty theory, vicious circle poverty theory, classical economic growth theory, Harrod-Domar Model, balanced growth theory and district of imbulance growth theory, social development growth theory and Lewis-Fei-Rains Model. After analyzing the main models of the poor people in ChongQing city, this paper points out that the off-duty people, the poor people caused by illness, deformity and natural calamity are the major part of the poverty in the city. After analyzing the character of poverty, such as the large scale of the poor people, the enlarging gap between the rich and the poor, the poor"s poverty both in spirit and material, and the poor"s refalling into poverty, the paper caculates the data investigating the poor in ChongQing, and gets the poverty line. There are two reasons leading to the poverty of the city: the subjective factors and the objective factors.The paper analyses the two aspects and points out that the subjective factors includes the negative effect of the social reformation, the insufficiency of the social security, the unbalanced distribute of the income and the adjustment of the industrial structure; the objective factors includes the weak diathesis of the poor and the lagging thoughts of the poor.Basing on the analysis above, the author points out the main ideas and countermeasure of the anti-poverty work. Firstly, we should promote thelabour-force diathesis of the poor in the city, and boost up their competitive capability and the capability to suit the society. Secondly, we should use various anti-poverty methods and enhance the actual effect of the anti-poverty work. Thirdly, we should improve the society security and society almsgiving and set up the safety net of the poor inhabitants . Fourthly, we should consummate the reobtain-employment project, ameliorate the system of the labor-force market, make more work chance for the poor to increase their income.
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