论文标题:重构我国农村金融体系研究
Research on the Reconstruction of Chinese Rural Financial System
论文作者 李明贤
论文导师 雷海章,论文学位 博士,论文专业 农业经济管理
论文单位 华中农业大学,点击次数 100,论文页数 182页File Size12202k
2003-03-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_18849632/ 农村金融体系;重构;中国;农村经济发展
rural financial system;reconstruction;China;rural economic development
金融是现代经济的核心，金融体系的状况是一个国家(或地区)金融发展状况的反映。金融与经济的关系是作用与反作用的关系，如果金融体系适应经济发展的水平和要求，金融体系便通过自身功能的发挥能动地促进一个国家或地区经济的发展；如果金融体系的状况不适应一个国家或地区经济发展的水平和要求，它便会阻碍一个国家或地区经济的发展。 我国的经济体制改革是首先从农村开始的，改革开放以来，我国农村经济发展取得了骄人的成绩，但近几年农业和农村经济发展停滞，农民收入增幅回落甚至下降，农村剩余劳动力众多，就地转移困难，大量农民工异地劳顿，寻找工作，苦不堪言……党的十六大提出全面建设小康社会的目标，那么，农村实现小康社会的障碍是什么呢?是什么因素造成当前农村如此多的问题呢?本文认为目前困扰农村经济发展和农民收入水平提高的主要因素之一是金融制约，由于农村金融体系不健全，农民缺乏资金，投资机会白白失去；农民受教育的机会丧失，劳动技能不能提高等，阻碍了农村经济的发展和农民的脱贫致富。 本文在对目前我国农村金融体系的状况及原因进行分析的基础上，提出新的农村金融体系建设的目标和原则，并对新的农村金融体系进行了构建，提出了具体的构建措施和政策要求。 全文共分七个部分： 第一部分：导论。从金融体系的功能出发，在广泛借鉴国内外文献研究的基础上，提出农村经济要发展，必须有健全的农村金融体系的支撑这一基本命题。 第二部分：我国农村金融体系的现状。在回顾我国农村金融体制改革历史的基础上，对我国农村金融体系的现状进行了考察，认为当前我国农村金融发展分化不足、效率低下、风险较大、农村金融体系脆弱等；并得出基本结论：由于目前我国农村金融体系不健全，不能满足农村经济发展对金融服务多元化的需求，制约了农村经济的发展。相应的，由于农村经济发展缓慢，政策有偏斜，也制约着农村金融的发展，即出现了“相互制约”的局面。 第三部分：当前我国农村金融体系现状的经济学理论分析。从总体上来讲，我国农村金融体系不健全是由于制度供给不足造成的，我国一直对农村金融机构的准入进行严格的管制，现有的农村金融机构基本上是外生的，是政府一手制造的，缺乏农村经济主体的主动参与，因而与农村经济主体对金融服务的需求不相适应。 在从总体上对当前农村金融体系进行分析之后，本部分还分机构对当前我国农村信用合作社、中国农业银行、中国农业发展银行、民间借贷、邮政储蓄等金融机构存在的问题和原因进行了分析，并对农村合作基金会陷入被关闭状况进行了反思。 第四部分:外国(地区)农村金融体系的实践及经验借鉴。本部分分发达国家和发展中国家(地区)对外国(地区)农村金融体系的发展及运行情况进行了介绍。发达国家介绍了包括德国、美国、日本、法国等在内的农村金融体系的发展及运行情况;发展中国家(地区)介绍了包括台湾、韩国、印度等在内的农村金融体系的发展及运行情况，并对其经验进行了总结。 第五部分:我国农村新的金融体系构建的目标和原则。分析了现阶段我国农村经济的特点及其对金融服务的需求，提出了新的农村金融体系建设的目标和原则。 第六部分:我国农村金融体系的构建。分析了新的农村金融体系的构建方法，并分金融机构的性质提出了不同性质的农村金融机构体系构建的方略及改革措施。 第七部分:为构建我国农村金融体系创造基础环境和条件。提出要健全农村金融体系，必须建立农村金融体系规范运行的金融基础设施，并为其提供良好的社会经济环境和政策环境等。 为了保证研究结论在理论上的科学性和客观性及在实践中的可行性，本研究利用了农业经济学、金融学、发展经济学、制度经济学等多门经济学的基础理论，并结合我国农村经济和金融改革的实践，运用了定量分析等方法，对我国农村金融体系存在的问题和发展进行了前瞻性的分析。
Finance plays a very important role in modern economy. The condition of financial system reflects the degree of financial development in a country (or region). The relationship between finance and economy is that of action and counteraction. If the condition of financial system is compatible with the demand of economic development, it will promote the development of econony, and vice versa.The reform of economic system in China was began in rural area. Since the reform and openning-policy have been in motion, rural economy has acquired prominent development. However, in recent years, the development of agriculture and rural economy has been almost stagnated, the growth rate of peasant"s income has been decelerating and even dropping down. The rural surplus labor is quantitive and it is difficult to transfer them locally. Many peasants go out in order to hunt for a job. Their travel is too difficult to say. The 16th National Congress of CPC puts forward a social objection which is to build our country into a comfortable society overall. Then, what is the reason causing so many difficulties to reach this goal in rural area? The article thinks that financial repression is one of the main reasons that hinder the development of rural economy, even the growth of pensants" income. Because rural financial system is imperfect, so peasants couldn"t raise enough money timely. Not only did many investment opportunities lose in vain, but also lost educational opportunities which could enhance their skill in labor. Thus rural economic development is constrained, and peasants couldn"t shake off poverty and build up a fortune too.Based on the analysis of the current condition and reasons of rural financial system, this article proposes the target and principles of rebuilding a new rural financial system, also reconstructs the new rural financial system and gives political suggestions on it.This article consists of 7 parts:Part 1: Introduction. Beginning from the function of financial system, by using the documents of other people for reference, this part gives a basic subject that the rural financial system must be perfect or rural economy conldn"t develop.Part 2: The present situation of rural financial system in China. After a brief review of the history of the institutional reform of rural finance, it inspects the current situation of rural financial system in China, then thinks that, at present, the development of Chinese rural financial system is insufficient and inefficient. The risk is ralatively bigger than before, and the rural financial system is fragile, too.So we have a conclusion that because the rural financial system is imperfect, it couldn"t satisfy the various demands of financial service in rural economic development, and it constrained the development of rural economy too. Correspondingly, the slow development of rural economy and the impartial policies also constrains the rural finance development. That is to say, " they restricted each other".Part 3: Economical theory analysis about Chinese rural financial system at present. In the whole, the reason why rural financial system in China is imperfect is because of the inadequate supply of institution."s problems.In China we always put the entry of rural financial institutions under strict surveillance. The government single-handedly cultivated these present rural financial institutions which are unsuitable for that rural economic principal parts" demands for financial service due to the inadequate participation of rural economic players.After analysis the present condition of rural financial system, this part still elaborates the present issues and reasons of each organization in rural financial system, such as rural credit cooperative, agricultral bank of China, agricultral development bank of China, private debt and credit, postsavings. Furthermore, the article rethinks the rural cooperative foundation"s problems.Part 4: Practises and experiences of rural financial system learned from foreign countries or regions. This sectio
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