论文标题:动词“小心”初探
A Tentative Exploration of the Verb Xiaoxin (小心)
论文作者 王帅锋
论文导师 李一平,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 汉语言文字学
论文单位 河南大学,点击次数 340,论文页数 51页File Size492k
2005-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_2076987/ 小心; 动词化; 分布; 歧义
Xiaoxin(小心);Verbalize;Distribution; Ambiguity
本文主要考察了“小心”的词类及动词“小心”的动词化过程、动词“小心”在不同语气句子里的分布及在句子中对句子成分的选择、动词“小心+体词性宾语”的歧义及其它与“小心”有关的两个问题。 从掌握的资料看,“小心”一词很早就有,在《诗经》和《国语》中就有该词出现。当时,“小心”虽然主要作谓语,但从意义和经常与它共现作谓语的词语看,很难将其看作动词,它更像是一个形容词。通过考察,本文认为,“小心”的动词化大体经历了以下过程:第一步,“小心”经常作谓语,这为其成为动词提供了条件;第二步,“小心”成为动词性很弱的动词,须与其它动词一起出现;第三步,不与其它动词一起出现,成为独立的动词,但不能带宾语;第四步,开始带谓词性宾语;第五步,可以带体词性宾语。 从在不同语气句子里的分布情况看,动词“小心”主要出现在请求类祈使句和有祈使意的陈述句、疑问句中,一般不出现在感叹句。 动词“小心+体词性宾语”的结构有歧义。“小心”的主语(可能省略)与体词性宾语、体词性宾语与句子之外与其发生联系的事物存在着施、受关系。句子表层关系与深层语义关系的不一致导致了歧义的发生。 本文通过论证认为,动词“小心”不能被否定。同时,分析了“小心+VP”和“小心+别+VP”的区别和联系。
This paper inspects the part of speech of Xiaoxin(小心) and it’s verbalizingprocess, the distribution of Xiaoxin(小心)as a verb in the sentence of different moodsand it’s choice of component parts in the sentence, the ambiguity of the “Xiaoxin(小心) +Subjective object ” as a verb, and the other two questions of Xiaoxin(小心). Analysis data, Xiaoxin(小心) appeared long ago. It was used in the Shijing andGuoyu,. At that time, Xiaoxin(小心) used as predicate. But it was very difficult to becounted as a verb other than an adjective from the meaning and the word used togetherwith Xiaoxin(小心)as predicate. With inspecting, this paper summarizes the stages ofXiaoxin’s(小心)verbized. Firstly, Xiaoxin(小心)used as predicate and this providedthe condition for it was counted as a verb. Secondly, Xiaoxin(小心) became a weaklyverb, and it must be used with other verb. Thirdly, Xiaoxin(小心) turned to be aindependent verb, it can be used without other verb, but it could not be followed byobjection. Fourthly, Xiaoxin(小心)could be followed by predicative objection. Fively,it could be followed by subjective objection. Form the distribution of verb in different mood sentences, Xiaoxin(小心)as verbturns up in imperative sentence and declarative, exclamatory sentence with imperativemeaning, but it can’t be used in exclamatory sentences. The structure “Xiaoxin(小心) + subjective object” has ambiguity. There is arelationship of agent and patient between the subject (may be omitted) of sentence andsubjective object, and also subjective object and things not in the sentence but in touch.The surgical syntactic relation and inner semantic relation of the sentence results in theambiguity This paper makes a conclusion with proof, Xiaoxin(小心) as a verb can’t benegated. At the same time, this paper analyses the different and contact between the“Xiaoxin(小心) +VP” and “Xiaoxin(小心)+Bie(别)+Vp”.
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