论文标题:美国禁止就业中的残疾歧视研究
Study on the American Employment Prohibition of Disability Discrimination
论文作者
论文导师 周伟,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 法律
论文单位 四川大学,点击次数 131,论文页数 54页File Size2579K
2007-04-10论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_2078882/
human rights ;; equal protection ;; employment discrimination;;disability
随着人权和平等权观念的深入人心，就业歧视越来越受到国际社会的普遍关注。就业歧视不但损害了求职者的权利和尊严，构成了对基本人权的侵犯；还破坏了社会公平，剥夺了就职者要求合理劳动的机会，成为影响社会稳定的一个重要因素。反就业歧视已成为政府迫切需要解决的难题，也是人们保护平等权利的迫切要求。残疾人是社会的弱势群体，由于其自身健康的原因，更容易在就业中受到歧视。为了保障残疾者的平等就业权益，美国联邦政府和各州通过制定了大量的反歧视法律、设立反就业歧视的专门机构以及完善救济程序等方式，建立起了一整套比较完善的残疾人就业反歧视制度。本文主要从美国残疾人反就业歧视制度的宪法基础、基本特点和发展趋势这三个方面进行了介绍和理论分析。 本文分三部分： 第一部分对美国反残疾歧视法的宪法基础进行探讨。首先，普遍人权保护原则。介绍了美国宪法及其修正案的人权保护以及美国法律对残疾人人权保护；其次，通过斯通首席大法官的“第四脚注”，引出美国宪法14条修正案的“法律平等保护”原则。介绍了法律平等保护的含义、适用范围以及立法所采取的归类。普遍人权和平等保护原则是公民权利的根本概念，是残疾人反就业歧视的宪法基础。 第二部分对美国反残疾歧视法的基本特点的概况介绍。首先，介绍了反歧视制度建立的发展历程；其次，通过不同时期的经典案例回顾，分析和阐明了美国对残疾的定义、范围和分类，介绍了美国现存的几种歧视模式；最后，简要介绍了美国目前几个残疾人保障机构。对制度的全面介绍和分析，使得我们能更准确的认识和把握美国的这种制度，有利于我国对该领域的调查和研究。 第三部分是对美国反残疾歧视法发展趋势分析。首先，随着社会的不断发展，各方面因素的出现，导致“残疾群体”的定义和范围可能不再满足现实的需要，逐步扩展“残疾群体”的认定范围，详细划分其分类标准是制度完善的必然趋势；其次，在促进残疾人就业的同时，充分考虑各方面的因素，建立更为完善的法律体制。在达到保障残疾人公平就业机会的同时，还要考虑到实际的工作效率，平衡两者之间的关系，达到公平和效率的完美结合。
With the notion of human right and equal rights stressing, the employment discrimination has been concerned widely by the international community. Discrimination against employment not only makes harm at the job-hunters rights and dignity with infringing the basic human rights, but also destroy the social equity with depriving the employment opportunities of the job-hunters, which becomes an important factor affecting the social stability. Anti-discrimination against employment has become a urgent problem to solve for the government, as well as imperative demand to protect the equal rights for the common people. The disabled, being the weak groups of the society and due to their own disabled body, are prone to be discriminated in their employment. In order to guarantee the equal employment right of the disabled, American Federal government and states governments set up an integral system of anti-discriminating for the disabled, by enacting anti-discriminating laws, organizing the exclusive anti-discriminating institutions and perfecting the relieving program. This paper makes an introduction and theoretical analysis in the terms of the basic theory, systemic survey, and developing trend on the system of anti-discriminating employment. This paper consists of the following three parts. The first part deals with the basic theory of anti-discrimination of the American disabled employment. Firstly, it expounds the principle of the common human rights protection. It introduces the human rights protection stipulated by American constitution and its amendments and the human rights protection for the disabled stipulated by the American laws. Secondly, it introduces the principle of the Legal Equal Protection in the 14~(th) amendment to the American constitution with the narration of the 4~(th) footnote made by the Chief judge Stone. This part expounds the definition, appropriate scope and modern criterion of legal equal protection, as well as the classification and censoring standards in legislation. The universal human rights and equal protecting principles are the cardinal definition of citizens" rights and theoretical basis of anti-discrimination against employment for the disabled. The second part makes an introduction about the systemic survey of the anti-discriminating employment of the American disabled. Firstly, it introduces the developing process of the establishment of the anti-discriminating system. Secondly, it analyzes the definition and classification about the disabled in American, with introducing the relevant classic cases and elucidating the existent discriminating states. Lastly, it briefs the disabled guaranteeing agencies in America. Introduction and analysis comprehensively on the relevant system makes us understand this American system correctly, which benefits us in investigating and studying in this field. The third part makes an analysis on the developing trend of anti-discriminating employment of the disabled in America. Firstly, with the unceasing development of the society, the original definition and scope of disabled group can not meet the realization. It is the necessary trend to expand the recognized scope of the disabled group and establish the criterion of classification in order to perfect the system. Secondly, considering the all relevant factors, better and fairer legal system should be set up while promoting the disabled employment.. While the disabled get the equal rights in employment, we should consider the practical efficiency in working and adjust the relationship between them in order to realize the integration of the justice and efficiency.
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