论文标题:民族交往与近代广西农业的发展变化
Communication and the Evolution of Modern Agriculture in Guangxi Province
论文作者 李闰华
论文导师 唐凌；周建明,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 中国近现代史
论文单位 广西师范大学,点击次数 674,论文页数 53页File Size3381k
2001-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_2101622/ 交往;近代;广西;农业技术;移民;政府行为;市场力量;人口变化;城镇变化;土地利用
communication;modern agricultural technology;Guangxi;migration;governmental action;market power;the change of towns and cities;population density;land exploitation
农业是国民经济的基础部门。传统中国是典型的以农为本的社会，由于中国封建社会的长期延续，农业经济呈现出封闭的自我循环和自我发展的状态，农民与外面世界的联系不多，在此基础上，形成了低水平的超稳定的耕作方式和生产技术，技术停滞不前或变化缓慢。生产力和交往运动的发展是贯穿整个人类社会历史进程的两根主轴，受传统史学观点和方法的影响，人们研究社会经济的发展问题，往往侧重于生产关系，而对生产力和交往运动却较为忽略。本文以生产力的发展为基本线索，借助生产力和交往发展的基本理论，在充分发掘历史资料的基础上，运用归纳、推理、比较和计量等分析方法，就民族交往对近代广西农业变迁的影响进行探讨，从民族间互相交流的情况论证了近代广西农业技术的变化以及由此造成的农业发展的差异性问题，揭示了广西农业经济变迁的根本力量所在。在中央提出西部大开发的战略后，广西又面临一次对外交往的机遇，再现近代广西农业的发展变化轨迹，总结大西南社会历史发展孤立闭塞状态被打破的历史经验，对今天如何利用交往的机会促成农业经济的转轨有一定的参考意义。 本文分为四部分，分别从不同的侧面论证了交往在促使近代广西农业变迁中的作用。 第一部分从农作物品种的引进与交流、肥料的使用、水利的发展、生产工具的变化、耕作方法的提高及耕作制度的演变等方面探讨了近代广西农业生产力的发展变化，初步分析了交往在其中的作用，全面而客观地评价了广西农业生产力的水平及地域差异，在此过程中，发掘一些新的资料，并就广西农业史研究方面一些具有争论的问题提出了自己的意见。 第二部分从移民、政府行为、市场力量加强论证，认为三者是农业技术发展与交流的动力，回答了三者在改变交往状况，促进农业技术的发展与交流中起着不同的作用。指出在生产力不发达的条件下，人口的流动是打破孤立闭塞的重要力量；政府则在营造交往环境，传播文明方面作用独特；市场力量则能把远近各地的人纳入以此为中心的交往圈，在促进农业技术的发展变化方面作用最为突出。 第三部分引入人口密度、城镇变化和土地利用这三个与农业经济发展和交往程度都密切相关的指标，论述了在交往过程中，人口流动、中心城市位移、城镇密度的变化和土地利用方式的演变规律，进而考察了近代广西农业发展水平及地域差异，有利于更好地认识交往与农业发展之间的关系。 第四部分主要立足于对前面论证的总结，强调了交往的作用，同时指出交往的差异性决定了广西农业发展变化的时空特征，交往程度的有限性规定了农业发展的滞后。
Agriculture is a fundamental sector of the national economy. Historically speaking, China was a typical agriculture-based society. Owing to the long-lasting of feudality, traditional agricultural economy used to stay in a state of self-circulation and self-development. Besides, peasants had little contact with the community outside of their own. As a result, traditional agricultural economy adopted backward and invariable planting methods hence production techniques stagnated or changed little. For productivity and communication are two significant factors that influence the whole process of the development of human society ,however, affected by traditional historical views and researching methods, scholars often lay focus on production relations while neglecting productivity and communication when they are conducting studies on the development of social economy. Therefore, this thesis takes productivity as its starting point though traditional agricultural economy was not prominent in its development of productivity. By synthesising rich historical literature and taking the theory on communication, this paper discusses the impacts of communication upon the development of agriculture in Guangxi region with the adoption of critical methods of induction, reasoning, comparison and calculation. From the discussion on communication, the change of agricultural techniques and the diversity of development deriving form the change of techniques in Guangxi in modern times, we hold that communication is the fundamental factors that promote the change and development of agricultural economy in Guangxi in modern times. The strategy of "great exploitation of the West" by the central government offers Guangxi an unprecedented opportunity for communication. Consequently, to exhabit the morden argriculture in Guangxi and to sumarize the historical experiences for breaking the self-contained situation in the southwest area of China are of great significance. It inspires us to make the best of this communication opportunity to realize the shift of agricultural economy.This thesis consists of four parts, which demonstrate from different perspectives the role of communication in the development of modern agriculture in Guangxi province.Part one analyzes the role of communication in the development of productivity in modern agriculture in Guangxi province by exploring from the following six aspects: the introduction of new crop seeds, the use of fertilizers, the development of irrigation systems, the change of tools, the improvement of farming methods and the evolution of cropping systems. With detailed and accurate data, this part reappears on the whole the actual situation in history and accesses in an all-round and objective manner the then productivity and regional diversity. Many viewpoints in this part help to answer some controversial questions in the study on this subject.Part two, taking as its starting point from the influence of migration, governmental action and market power, makes a more comprehensive study on the role of communication. In this part, migration, governmental action and market power are regarded as the motive force for the development and exchange of agricultural technology, in which the differentroles of three factors are fully displayed. Under the condition of low productivity, migration is an important force to break self-contained situation, while government plays a unique role in creating an atmosphere for communication and spreading culture. Market power, however, working to attaract people from different places, is the most distinctive factor that stimulates the development of agricultural technology.Part three, three indexes closely related to agriculture and communication, population density, the change of towns and cities, and land exploitation are applied. In the process of communication, the regional diversity in agriculture in Guangxi is exhibited from the changing law of these indexes. This research is the first to apply the three indexes to study the agricultural developmen
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